Procesos cognitivos y emocionales en trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Percepción de la Imagen Corporal y Toma de Decisiones en Mujeres Onubenses (PICTODEMO)
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Abstract
Los procesos cognitivos como la construcción perceptiva, las atribuciones o valencias
asignadas al entorno extrínseco e intrínseco y la toma de decisiones, son motivo de
interés investigador por las implicaciones que suponen para las personas en su
adaptabilidad, con mayor o menor éxito, al medio. Por ello, este estudio trata de
explorar si existen diferencias en factores implicados en dichos procesos, entre un
grupo de mujeres adolescentes con trastornos alimentarios (n = 23) y un grupo control
(n = 51) del mismo estrato etario (15 años), con similar nivel socioeconómico.
Los resultados han mostrado diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en la
evolución del aprendizaje de la tarea de toma de decisiones, a través de la IGT, siendo
las clínicas quienes presentaron una ejecución más desventajosa en los últimos
cuarenta ensayos (b4: F = 8,949, p = ,004; b5: F = 4,109, p = ,046), también mostraron
mayores índices de distorsión perceptual de la imagen corporal de sobreestimación (x2
= 12,917; p = ,001) y, estos índices de distorsión, correlacionaron inversamente con el
Índice Gambling total (Tb = -,195; p = ,048).
El grupo control mostró significativamente mayores índices antropométricos, perímetros
corporales y variables nutricionales generales (IN: t = 3,214, p = ,002; EN: x2 =
11,810, p = ,008) que el grupo TCA, así como resultaron correlacionadas variables de
composición adiposa con los parámetros del modelo cognitivo PVL: alpha (AGB: r = -
,364, p = ,005), consistencia (IAM: r = ,461, p = ,000) y lambda, que se relaciona de
forma directa con el Índice Nutricional (r = ,251; p = ,031). Estos resultados hacen
compatible la Teoría del Marcador Somático de Damasio (1996a) con los factores
analizados de procesos cognitivos y emocionales afectados en los TCA.
Cognitive processes such as perceptual construction, to the powers or valences assigned to the extrinsic and intrinsic setting and decision-making, they are of research interest because of the implications they pose to people in their adaptability to the environment, with more or less success. Therefore, this study attempts to explore whether there are differences in factors involved in these processes, among a group of teenage girls with eating disorders (n = 23) and a control group (n = 51) of the same age stratum (15 years) similar socioeconomic level. The results have shown, through the IGT, significant differences between both groups in the evolution of learning the task of decision-making, with clinics who presented a more disadvantaged performance in the last forty trials (b4: F = 8,949, p = .004; b5: F = 4.109, p = 046), they also showed higher levels of perceptual distortion of body image overestimation (x2 = 12.917, p = .001), and these levels of distortion, correlated inversely with the total Gambling Index (Tb = -, 195, p =, 048 ). The control group showed anthropometric indices, body circumferences and general nutritional variables (IN: t = 3.214, p = .002, EN: x2 = 11.810, p = .008) significantly higher than the TCA group, and variables of fat composition correlated with the parameter of the cognitive model PVL: alpha (AGB: r = -, 364, p = .005), consistency (IAM: r = 461, p = .000), and lambda is related with Nutritional Index (r =, 251, p =, 031) directly. These results of the analyzed factors of cognitive and emotional processes, involved in the TCA, suit Somatic Marker Theory, Damasio (1996a).
Cognitive processes such as perceptual construction, to the powers or valences assigned to the extrinsic and intrinsic setting and decision-making, they are of research interest because of the implications they pose to people in their adaptability to the environment, with more or less success. Therefore, this study attempts to explore whether there are differences in factors involved in these processes, among a group of teenage girls with eating disorders (n = 23) and a control group (n = 51) of the same age stratum (15 years) similar socioeconomic level. The results have shown, through the IGT, significant differences between both groups in the evolution of learning the task of decision-making, with clinics who presented a more disadvantaged performance in the last forty trials (b4: F = 8,949, p = .004; b5: F = 4.109, p = 046), they also showed higher levels of perceptual distortion of body image overestimation (x2 = 12.917, p = .001), and these levels of distortion, correlated inversely with the total Gambling Index (Tb = -, 195, p =, 048 ). The control group showed anthropometric indices, body circumferences and general nutritional variables (IN: t = 3.214, p = .002, EN: x2 = 11.810, p = .008) significantly higher than the TCA group, and variables of fat composition correlated with the parameter of the cognitive model PVL: alpha (AGB: r = -, 364, p = .005), consistency (IAM: r = 461, p = .000), and lambda is related with Nutritional Index (r =, 251, p =, 031) directly. These results of the analyzed factors of cognitive and emotional processes, involved in the TCA, suit Somatic Marker Theory, Damasio (1996a).














