Discriminación y su relación con las conductas de riesgo y la salud percibida en estudiantes universitarios españoles: un estudio transversal
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Abstract
La discriminación durante los
momentos vitales, como el periodo universitario,
puede generar un alto impacto en la conducta y
en el estado de salud de las personas. El estudio
tuvo como objetivo analizar la posible asociación
de la discriminación con la salud percibida y con
distintas conductas de riesgo, así como describir las
diferencias de género en estudiantes universitarios
españoles.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal
con datos de estudiantes universitarios de primera
matrícula de primer curso de 11 universidades
españolas (n=9.862). Se valoró la discriminación,
la salud percibida, el consumo de alcohol, el hábito
tabáquico, el consumo de sustancias ilegales, el
tiempo de ocio conectado a internet, la práctica de
relaciones sexuales de riesgo, la función familiar, el
riesgo de problemas de salud mental y el riesgo de
trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Se obtuvieron
las prevalencias con sus intervalos de confianza al
95% y para las variables cuantitativas la media y
desviación estándar. Se calcularon las Odds Ratio con
los intervalos de confianza al 95% para conocer la
relación entre la discriminación y las otras variables.
Resultados: Se encontró asociación entre la
discriminación y una regular o mala salud percibida
(OR: 1,7; p=0,0001), el consumo de sustancias
ilegales (OR: 1,3; p=0,002), el uso problemático de
internet (OR: 1,3; p=0,004), la disfunción familiar
(OR: 1,8; p=0,0001), el riesgo de problemas de
salud mental (OR: 1,9; p=0,0001) y de trastornos
de la conducta alimentaria (OR: 1,5; p=0,0001). En
cuanto a las diferencias de género, se apreciaron
mayores prevalencias de discriminación en hombres
con estado de salud percibida como regular o peor
(OR: 2,2; p=0,0001), disfunción familiar (OR: 1,8;
p=0,0001), riesgo de problemas de salud mental
(OR: 2,2; p=0,0001) y de trastornos de la conducta
alimentaria (OR: 1,9; p=0,002). Las mujeres, además
de las variables anteriores, mostraron asociación de la
discriminación con el consumo de sustancias ilegales
(OR: 1,3; p=0,005) y el uso problemático de internet
(OR: 1,4; p=0,002).
Conclusiones: Los hallazgos del estudio subrayan
que existe asociación entre la discriminación y las
conductas de riesgo de los estudiantes universitarios
españoles. A su vez, la discriminación se asoció
con una mala o regular salud percibida, siendo esta
relación similar tanto en hombres como en mujeres.
Background: Discrimination during vital moments, such as the university period, can generate a high impact on people’s behavior and health. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible association of discrimination with perceived health and with different risk behaviors, as well as to describe gender differences in Spanish university students. Discrimination during vital moments, such as college, can have a high impact on people’s behavior and health. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from first-year university students from 11 Spanish universities (n=9,862). Discrimination, perceived health, alcohol consumption, smoking, consumption of illegal substances, leisure time connected to the Internet, risky sexual relations, family function, risk of mental health problems and risk of eating disorders were assessed. Prevalences with their 95% confidence intervals were obtained and for quantitative variables the mean and standard deviation were calculated. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the relationship between discrimination and the other variables. Results: An association was found between discrimination and fair or poor perceived health (OR: 1.7; p=0.0001), consumption of illegal substances (OR: 1.3; p=0.002), problematic internet use (OR: 1.3; p=0.004), family dysfunction (OR: 1.8; p=0.0001), risk of mental health problems (OR: 1.9; p=0.0001) and eating disorders (OR: 1.5; p=0.0001). Regarding gender differences, higher prevalence of discrimination was observed in men with health status perceived as fair or worse (OR: 2.2; p=0.0001), family dysfunction (OR: 1.8; p=0.0001), risk of mental health problems (OR: 2.2; p=0.0001) and eating disorders (OR: 1.9; p=0.002). Women, apart from the previous variables, presented association of discrimination with consumption of illegal substances (OR: 1.3; p=0.005) and problematic internet use (OR: 1.4; p=0.002). Conclusions: The study findings underline that there is an association between discrimination and risk behaviors among Spanish university students. In turn, discrimination was associated with poor or fair perceived health, this relationship being similar in both men and women.
Background: Discrimination during vital moments, such as the university period, can generate a high impact on people’s behavior and health. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible association of discrimination with perceived health and with different risk behaviors, as well as to describe gender differences in Spanish university students. Discrimination during vital moments, such as college, can have a high impact on people’s behavior and health. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from first-year university students from 11 Spanish universities (n=9,862). Discrimination, perceived health, alcohol consumption, smoking, consumption of illegal substances, leisure time connected to the Internet, risky sexual relations, family function, risk of mental health problems and risk of eating disorders were assessed. Prevalences with their 95% confidence intervals were obtained and for quantitative variables the mean and standard deviation were calculated. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the relationship between discrimination and the other variables. Results: An association was found between discrimination and fair or poor perceived health (OR: 1.7; p=0.0001), consumption of illegal substances (OR: 1.3; p=0.002), problematic internet use (OR: 1.3; p=0.004), family dysfunction (OR: 1.8; p=0.0001), risk of mental health problems (OR: 1.9; p=0.0001) and eating disorders (OR: 1.5; p=0.0001). Regarding gender differences, higher prevalence of discrimination was observed in men with health status perceived as fair or worse (OR: 2.2; p=0.0001), family dysfunction (OR: 1.8; p=0.0001), risk of mental health problems (OR: 2.2; p=0.0001) and eating disorders (OR: 1.9; p=0.002). Women, apart from the previous variables, presented association of discrimination with consumption of illegal substances (OR: 1.3; p=0.005) and problematic internet use (OR: 1.4; p=0.002). Conclusions: The study findings underline that there is an association between discrimination and risk behaviors among Spanish university students. In turn, discrimination was associated with poor or fair perceived health, this relationship being similar in both men and women.
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Bibliographic citation
Sánchez-Herrero H, Amezcua-Prieto C, Morales-Suárez-Varela M, Ayán-Pérez C, Mateos-Campos R, Molina AJ, Ortiz-Moncada R, Almaraz-Gómez A, Alguacil J, Delgado-Rodríguez M, Blázquez Abellán G, Alonso-Molero J, Martínez Ruíz V, Peraita-Costa I, Cancela-Carral JM, Valero-Juan LF, Martín-Peláez S, Fernández-Villa T. Discriminación y su relación con las conductas de riesgo y la salud percibida en estudiantes universitarios españoles: un estudio transversal. Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2021; 95: 15 de noviembre e202111156













