Revisión sistemática sobre programas de prevención de obesidad infantil
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Abstract
La obesidad infantil es un problema sanitario en
auge, pues está aumentando de forma significativa
en diferentes países desarrollados últimamente. Hay
estudios que consideran esta problemática la pandemia
actual de nuestra sociedad. A su vez, está asociada
a una serie de consecuencias negativas que afectan
tanto a la salud física como a la salud mental, a
corto y a largo plazo. También, está relacionada con
varios factores de riesgo que son necesarios paliar
para evitar que la tasa de obesidad aumente en la sociedad.
Ya que, la incidencia de obesidad en menores
es cada vez mayor, esta revisión bibliográfica trata de
localizar programas actuales de prevención infantil,
publicados desde 2019 a 2024. Para realizar la misma,
se consultó la plataforma Web Of Science y se utilizaron
los operadores boleanos “AND” y “OR”. De los 554
artículos localizados, se seleccionaron 19 programas
de prevención, los cuales están todos evaluados y
presentan cuatro tipos de enfoque de intervención
diferentes. Tras el análisis de todos estos artículos, se
concluyó que es recomendable realizar intervenciones
directas con los menores, fomentando todos los
factores protectores posibles, o intervenciones con
los padres y madres, tratando de mejorar los hábitos
alimentarios de sus hijos e hijas.
Childhood obesity is a growing health problem, as it is increasing significantly in different developed countries lately. There are studies that consider this problem the current pandemic in our society. In turn, it is associated with a series of negative consequences that affect both physical and mental health, in the short and long term. It is also related to several risk factors that need to be alleviated to prevent the rate of obesity from increasing in society. Since the incidence of obesity in minors is increasing, this bibliographic review attempts to locate current childhood prevention programs, published to 2019 to 2024. To carry out this review, the Web Of Science platform was consulted and the boolean operators “AND” and “OR” were used. From the 554 articles located, 19 prevention programas were selected, which are all evaluated and present four different types of intervention approach. After the analysis of all these articles, it was concluded that it is advisable to carry out direct interventions with the children, promoting all possible protective factors, or interventions with the parents, trying to improve the eating habits of their sons and daughters.
Childhood obesity is a growing health problem, as it is increasing significantly in different developed countries lately. There are studies that consider this problem the current pandemic in our society. In turn, it is associated with a series of negative consequences that affect both physical and mental health, in the short and long term. It is also related to several risk factors that need to be alleviated to prevent the rate of obesity from increasing in society. Since the incidence of obesity in minors is increasing, this bibliographic review attempts to locate current childhood prevention programs, published to 2019 to 2024. To carry out this review, the Web Of Science platform was consulted and the boolean operators “AND” and “OR” were used. From the 554 articles located, 19 prevention programas were selected, which are all evaluated and present four different types of intervention approach. After the analysis of all these articles, it was concluded that it is advisable to carry out direct interventions with the children, promoting all possible protective factors, or interventions with the parents, trying to improve the eating habits of their sons and daughters.













