Aspectos metodológicos de la identificación de genes relacionados con el lenguaje : cuestiones concernientes a la definición del fenotipo
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Abstract
La caracterización neurobiológica del lenguaje y la determinación de
la etiología de los diferentes trastornos de carácter hereditario resultantes de su disfunción
pasan necesariamente por la identificación (y la caracterización estructural y
funcional) de los genes que intervienen en la regulación del desarrollo (y el funcionamiento)
del sustrato neuronal del primero y cuya mutación constituye un factor causal
significativo, o de riesgo, en la aparición de los segundos. Para ello suele recurrirse a
diversas técnicas, como la clonación comparativa, la clonación funcional o la clonación
posicional. A pesar de su notable rendimiento analítico, la significación de los
resultados obtenidos merced a su utilización se halla condicionada por diversos factores
de índole eminentemente metodológica, siendo uno de los más relevantes el modo
en que se define, se categoriza y se delimita el fenotipo que constituye el punto de partida
de dichas técnicas de clonación.
Any comprehensive neurobiological depiction of the language faculty (but also the elucidation of the etiology of different inherited language impairments) demands, among other things, the identification (and the structural and functional characterization) of genes which can be properly regarded as involved in the regulation of the development of the neuronal substrate of the “language organ”. Such genes can also be plausibly considered as casual (or risk) factors for the appearance of such impairments. Different molecular techniques have been developed for cloning and molecular characterising the so-called “language genes”. In spite of their noteworthy analytic yield, the real significance of their output can only be truly apprehended when methodological caveats and shortcomings are also considered. One of the most significant concerns the way in which the phenotype (which is a starting point for these cloning techniques) is defined, categorised, and delimited.
Any comprehensive neurobiological depiction of the language faculty (but also the elucidation of the etiology of different inherited language impairments) demands, among other things, the identification (and the structural and functional characterization) of genes which can be properly regarded as involved in the regulation of the development of the neuronal substrate of the “language organ”. Such genes can also be plausibly considered as casual (or risk) factors for the appearance of such impairments. Different molecular techniques have been developed for cloning and molecular characterising the so-called “language genes”. In spite of their noteworthy analytic yield, the real significance of their output can only be truly apprehended when methodological caveats and shortcomings are also considered. One of the most significant concerns the way in which the phenotype (which is a starting point for these cloning techniques) is defined, categorised, and delimited.
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Bibliographic citation
Benítez Burraco, A.: "Aspectos metodológicos de la identificación de genes relacionados con el lenguaje : cuestiones concernientes a la definición del fenotipo". RESLA. Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada. Vol. 23, págs. 53-69, (2010). ISSN 0213-2028












