Deficiencia auditiva : autoconcepto, autoestima y síntomas psicopatológicos

Abstract

El estudio se plantea 3 objetivos: 1) analizar comparativamente el autoconcepto, la autoestima y síntomas psicopatológicos en personas con y sin deficiencia auditiva; 2) explorar diferencias de género en el autoconcepto, la autoestima y síntomas psicopatológicos en ambas muestras; y 3) estudiar las relaciones existentes entre el autoconcepto y la autoestima con sfntomas psicopatológicos en personas con y sin deficiencia auditiva. La muestra está configurada por 130 participantes de 19 a 40 años, 72 sin deficiencia y 58 con deficiencia auditiva. El estudio empleó una metodologfa descriptiva y correlacional. Se aplicaron 3 instrumentos de evaluación: LAEA, EA, SCL-90-R. Los ANOVAs confirmaron que los participantes con deficiencia auditiva no tenfan diferencias en autoconcepto y autoestima respecto a los norm-oyentes, sin embargo tenfan puntuaciones superiores en todos los sfntomas psicopato/ógicos excepto en somatización. No se evidenciaron diferencias de género en autoconcepto, autoestima, y sfntomas pslcopato/ógicos ni en los participantes con deficiencIa auditiva ni en los normoyentes: ansiedad fóbica. Los coeficientes de Pearson pusieron de relieve correlaciones negativas del autoconcepto y la autoestima con la puntuación total de sfntomas psicopato/ógicos.

The purpose of this study is three-fold: 1) lo analyze the selfconcept, self-esteem and psychopatho/ogical symptoms in subjects with and without hearing impalrment; 2) to explore whether there were differences accordíng lo gender in the self-concept, self-esteem and psychopatholog/cal symptoms in both samples; 3) to study the relationships between self-concept/self-esteem and psychopatho/ogical symptoms in particlpants with and without hearing impairment. The sample Is made up of 130 partic/pants aged 19 to 40, 72 without hearing impairment and 58 with hearing impairment. The study uses a descriptive and corre/ational methodo/ogy. For the measurement of the variables three assessment Insfruments were applied: LAEA, EA, SCL-90-R. The ANO VA results show that both samples did not have any significant differences In self-concept and self-esteem. However, hearing impa/red had slgnlficantly hlgher scores In all psychopathological symptoms except In somatization. 80th samples did not show significant gender differences neither in self-concept/self-esteem nor in psychopatho/ogical symptoms: impaired women only had higher scores than men in the distress index, and non impaíred women in the distress index and phobic anxiety. Pearson coefficients showed significant inverse relationships between selfconcept/ self-esteem and total psychopathological symptoms.