Análisis de variables relacionadas con el éxito en el autoabandono del consumo de tabaco
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Abstract
El presente estudio se comparan las características sociodemográficas y
comportamentales que presentan dos grupos de fumadores que inician el cese del
consumo de tabaco mediante autoabandono, self-quitting en terminología
anglosajona. El estudio de estos aspectos no es frecuente debido al predominio de los
modelos biológicos en conductas adictivas, no obstante, cada vez son más las dudas
que plantean dichos modelos y las implicaciones de cara al tratamiento que
conllevan, así, la elevada frecuencia de usuarios de sustancias adictivas,
especialmente tabaco, que intentan un cese en su consumo sin recurrir a ningún tipo
de ayuda profesional pone el interés en distintas variables, tales como creencias
sobre los tratamientos y en los repertorios comportamentales sobre autorregulación
conductual que presentan estos consumidores de tabaco, por un lado en aquellos que
lo intentan sin ayuda y tienen éxito en el cese del consumo de tabaco y por otro lado
profundizar en las características que presentan aquellos que intentándolo mediante
autoabandono fracasan en su propósito. En el presente estudio participaron 137
fumadores, de los cuales 99 habían tenido éxito en el cese de consumo de tabaco sin
ayuda profesional o autoabandono y 38, que a pesar de haberlo intentado del mismo
modo, no habían logrado mantenerse abstinentes. La asignación a un grupo u otro
fue determinada según la relación con el consumo de tabaco tras un intento mínimo
de cesación tabáquica mediante autoabandono durante al menos 6 meses sin consumo y fue informada por los propios participantes y contrastada mediante
cooximetría. Con este objetivo se elaboró un modelo de entrevista para cada uno de
los grupos conteniendo algunos elementos comunes y otros diferenciales según el
estatus de fumador en el momento de realizar la entrevista. Los resultados muestran
que los fumadores que presentaban una mayor flexibilidad psicológica y mayor
repertorio de autocontrol eran los que tenían más probabilidades de éxito, mientras
que otras variables, tradicionalmente utilizadas en la literatura científica para
explicar la eficacia en el cese del consumo de tabaco mediante autoabandono e,
igualmente, consideradas de interés en la recogida de datos para la historia clínica no
habían resultado ser determinantes en el éxito en el cese en la conducta tabáquica.
In this study we have compared the characteristics presented by two groups of smokers who begin trying to quit their consumption of tobacco without professional help. The study of these procedures is infrequent due to the prevalence of biological models in addictive behaviors. However, there are more and more questions brought up by these models and the conceptions that they imply. The high frequency of addictive substance users, especially those of tobacco, brings our attention to the behavioral repertoires that they show: firstly, all those who try to quite without help, and subsequently, we delve into the characteristics of those persons who try and succeed without help. 137 smokers participated in this study, of which 99 had been successful in quitting their tobacco usage without professional help, and 38 who in spite of trying to stop smoking without any assistance had not been able to remain abstinent. The assignment to one group or another was guided by the participants themselves and corroborated via co-oximetry. We developed an interview model for each of the groups, containing some elements in common and others that were differentiating according to the status of the smoker at the time of the interview. The results show that the smokers who presented greater psychological flexibility were those who were more likely to succeed, while other variables of medical history that are traditionally used in scientific literature to explain the efficacy in quitting smoking without or with professional help did not turn out to be determining in the success of quitting.
In this study we have compared the characteristics presented by two groups of smokers who begin trying to quit their consumption of tobacco without professional help. The study of these procedures is infrequent due to the prevalence of biological models in addictive behaviors. However, there are more and more questions brought up by these models and the conceptions that they imply. The high frequency of addictive substance users, especially those of tobacco, brings our attention to the behavioral repertoires that they show: firstly, all those who try to quite without help, and subsequently, we delve into the characteristics of those persons who try and succeed without help. 137 smokers participated in this study, of which 99 had been successful in quitting their tobacco usage without professional help, and 38 who in spite of trying to stop smoking without any assistance had not been able to remain abstinent. The assignment to one group or another was guided by the participants themselves and corroborated via co-oximetry. We developed an interview model for each of the groups, containing some elements in common and others that were differentiating according to the status of the smoker at the time of the interview. The results show that the smokers who presented greater psychological flexibility were those who were more likely to succeed, while other variables of medical history that are traditionally used in scientific literature to explain the efficacy in quitting smoking without or with professional help did not turn out to be determining in the success of quitting.











