Necesidades psicológicas básicas, motivación y autoestima en formación profesional físico-deportiva: diferencias en función del género
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Abstract
Introducción: En el contexto de la formación profesional en actividades físico-deportivas, comprender la relación entre la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, la motivación y la autoestima del alumnado es clave para diseñar estrategias pedagógicas que favorezcan su desarrollo integral.
Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias de género en la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, los tipos de motivación y la autoestima, así como examinar cómo la satisfacción de estas necesidades y los diferentes tipos de motivación influyen en la autoestima.
Metodología: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 388 estudiantes (300 hombres y 88 mujeres; M = 18,92; DE = 2,31), matriculados en programas de formación de Guía de Actividades al Aire Libre, Técnico Superior en Acondicionamiento Físico y Profesorado Deportivo y Animación Social. Los instrumentos utilizados incluyeron la Escala de Satisfacción de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en el Ejercicio (BPNES), la Escala de Motivación en la Educación (EME-E) y la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (RSES).
Resultado: Los análisis estadísticos, realizados mediante pruebas t de Student y regresión lineal, revelaron que las mujeres obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente más altas en motivación intrínseca y regulación introyectada, mientras que los hombres mostraron mayores niveles de autoestima y satisfacción de la necesidad de conexión. La competencia predijo positivamente la autoestima en ambos sexos. Además, la regulación externa influyó negativamente en la autoestima en los hombres, mientras que la desmotivación mostró un efecto negativo en las mujeres.
Conclusión: Estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de implementar estrategias metodológicas que fomenten la satisfacción de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (NPB), considerando las diferencias de género y su impacto en la motivación y la autoestima de los estudiantes de educación y formación profesional.
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Introduction: In the context of vocational training in physical-sports activities, understanding the relationship between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, motivation and self-esteem of the student is key to designing pedagogical strategies that favour their integral development. Objective: To analyse gender differences in the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, motivation types, and self-esteem, as well as examine how the satisfaction of these needs and different types of motivation influence self-esteem. Methodology: The sample consisted of 388 students (300 men and 88 women; Mage = 18.92; SD = 2.31), enrolled in training programs for Outdoor Activity Guide, Advanced Technician in Physical Conditioning, and Sports Teaching and Social Animation. The instruments used included the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Exercise Scale (BPNES), the Motivation in Education Scale (EME-E), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Result: Statistical analyses, conducted using Student’s t-tests and linear regression, revealed that women scored significantly higher in intrinsic motivation and introjected regulation, whereas men exhibited higher levels of self-esteem and satisfaction of the need for relatedness. Competence positively predicted self-esteem in both genders. Additionally, external regulation negatively influenced self-esteem in males, while amotivation showed a negative effect in females. Conclusion: These findings highlight the necessity of implementing methodological strategies that foster satisfaction of basic psychological needs while considering gender differences and their impact on students' motivation and self-esteem in vocational education and training.
Introduction: In the context of vocational training in physical-sports activities, understanding the relationship between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, motivation and self-esteem of the student is key to designing pedagogical strategies that favour their integral development. Objective: To analyse gender differences in the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, motivation types, and self-esteem, as well as examine how the satisfaction of these needs and different types of motivation influence self-esteem. Methodology: The sample consisted of 388 students (300 men and 88 women; Mage = 18.92; SD = 2.31), enrolled in training programs for Outdoor Activity Guide, Advanced Technician in Physical Conditioning, and Sports Teaching and Social Animation. The instruments used included the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Exercise Scale (BPNES), the Motivation in Education Scale (EME-E), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Result: Statistical analyses, conducted using Student’s t-tests and linear regression, revealed that women scored significantly higher in intrinsic motivation and introjected regulation, whereas men exhibited higher levels of self-esteem and satisfaction of the need for relatedness. Competence positively predicted self-esteem in both genders. Additionally, external regulation negatively influenced self-esteem in males, while amotivation showed a negative effect in females. Conclusion: These findings highlight the necessity of implementing methodological strategies that foster satisfaction of basic psychological needs while considering gender differences and their impact on students' motivation and self-esteem in vocational education and training.
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Bibliographic citation
Camacho-Carranza, A., Cantonero-Cobos, J. M., & Almagro, B. J. (2025). Necesidades psicológicas básicas, motivación y autoestima en formación profesional físico-deportiva: diferencias en función del género. Retos, 69, 203-212. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v69.113443














