Desigualdad y crecimiento económico: un análisis dinámico
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Abstract
Este estudio explora la relación entre desigualdad y crecimiento económico,
utilizando mediciones anuales del Índice de Gini y tasa de crecimiento del
producto per cápita para 38 países entre los años 1980 y 2010. Utilizando una
metodología de análisis de clústeres, basada en el estudio de la dinámica de
regímenes y la introducción de secuencias simbólicas se segmenta la muestra
en grupos de países con similar desempeño con respecto a las variables bajo
análisis. Durante el periodo considerado se obtienen dos grupos de países: un
grupo de alta desigualdad y medio-alto crecimiento económico, y un segundo
grupo de baja desigualdad y crecimiento. Adicionalmente, considerando la
relación entre crecimiento económico y desigualdad de ingreso en un contexto
de datos de panel se especifica un modelo para cada grupo, mostrando que
la relación entre las variables depende de las dinámicas de los países. En
particular el trabajo muestra que en los países con mayores ingresos per cápita
se observa una relación positiva entre desigualdad y crecimiento económico,
mientras que para las economías emergentes la relación depende del modelo
considerado
This study explores the relationship between inequality and economic growth, using annual measurements of the Gini Index and per capita GDP growth rate for 38 countries during the period 1980 - 2010. The study introduces a cluster analysis based the concept of dynamical regimes and the introduction of symbolic sequences to segment the sample into homogeneous groups of countries with similar performance with respect to the variables under analysis. During the considered period, two groups of countries are obtained: a group of high inequality and medium-high economic growth, and a second group of low inequality and low growth. Additionally, considering the relationship between economic growth and income inequality in a panel data context, a model is specified for each group, showing that the relationship between the variables depends on the dynamics of the countries. In particular, the study shows that in countries with higher per capita income there is a positive relationship between inequality and economic growth, while for emerging economies the relationship depends on the considered model
This study explores the relationship between inequality and economic growth, using annual measurements of the Gini Index and per capita GDP growth rate for 38 countries during the period 1980 - 2010. The study introduces a cluster analysis based the concept of dynamical regimes and the introduction of symbolic sequences to segment the sample into homogeneous groups of countries with similar performance with respect to the variables under analysis. During the considered period, two groups of countries are obtained: a group of high inequality and medium-high economic growth, and a second group of low inequality and low growth. Additionally, considering the relationship between economic growth and income inequality in a panel data context, a model is specified for each group, showing that the relationship between the variables depends on the dynamics of the countries. In particular, the study shows that in countries with higher per capita income there is a positive relationship between inequality and economic growth, while for emerging economies the relationship depends on the considered model







