Prejuicios, actitudes y estereotipos de los profesionales de la salud hacia la fibromialgia: una revisión sistemática
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Abstract
Objetivo: Describir los prejuicios, las actitudes y los estereotipos que tienen los profesionales
de la salud, principalmente, de medicina general, medicina de familia, medicina interna,
reumatología, salud mental, enfermería y fisioterapia, hacia la fibromialgia.
Dise˜no: Revisión sistemática.
Fuentes de datos: Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL y PsycINFO.
Selección de estudios: Se realizó la búsqueda el 17 de junio de 2024. Se incluyeron los artículos
originales y reporte de casos, cuya temática fuera afín al propósito principal de este trabajo,
y publicados en los últimos 10 a˜nos.
Extracción de datos: Dos revisores realizaron la extracción de datos. Se valoró la calidad metodológica
con las herramientas de evaluación crítica para estudios no aleatorizados del Joanna
Briggs Institute (JBI).
Resultados: Fueron incorporados un total de 19 estudios. El retraso en el diagnóstico, la
ausencia de formación en la atención hacia esta patología, así como la subjetividad de su
sintomatología, hacen que la fibromialgia sea un gran desafío para los profesionales de la
salud. Se describe un prototipo estereotipado de paciente, que convierte la fibromialgia en
una enfermedad de prestigio inferior, sin base orgánica que la legitime.
Conclusiones: Los profesionales de la salud se˜nalan la falta de formación adecuada para
diagnosticar y tratar la fibromialgia. Las personas que padecen esta enfermedad suelen ser
consideradas pacientes difíciles, cuya credibilidad se cuestiona constantemente y están marcadas
por el estigma. Este trabajo identifica los factores que generan discordancia tanto en
profesionales como en los propios afectados para optimizar la práctica clínica
Objective: To describe the prejudices, attitudes and stereotypes that health professionals, mainly in general medicine, family medicine, internal medicine, rheumatology, mental health, nursing and physiotherapy, have towards fibromyalgia. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Study selection: The search was carried out on 17 June 2024. Original articles and case reports, whose subject matter was related to the main purpose of this work, and published in the last ten years, were included. Data extraction: Data extraction was performed by two reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal tools for non-randomized studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: A total of 19 studies were included. The delay in diagnosis, the lack of training in the management of this condition, and the subjectivity of its symptoms make fibromyalgia a significant challenge for healthcare professionals. A stereotypical patient profile is described, which contributes to fibromyalgia being perceived as a low-prestige disease, lacking an organic basis that legitimizes it. Conclusions: Health professionals highlight the lack of adequate training to diagnose and treat fibromyalgia. People suffering from this disease are often seen as difficult patients, whose credibility is constantly questioned and stigmatised. This study identifies the factors that cause discordance between professionals and patients, in order to optimise clinical practice
Objective: To describe the prejudices, attitudes and stereotypes that health professionals, mainly in general medicine, family medicine, internal medicine, rheumatology, mental health, nursing and physiotherapy, have towards fibromyalgia. Design: Systematic review. Data sources: Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Study selection: The search was carried out on 17 June 2024. Original articles and case reports, whose subject matter was related to the main purpose of this work, and published in the last ten years, were included. Data extraction: Data extraction was performed by two reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal tools for non-randomized studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: A total of 19 studies were included. The delay in diagnosis, the lack of training in the management of this condition, and the subjectivity of its symptoms make fibromyalgia a significant challenge for healthcare professionals. A stereotypical patient profile is described, which contributes to fibromyalgia being perceived as a low-prestige disease, lacking an organic basis that legitimizes it. Conclusions: Health professionals highlight the lack of adequate training to diagnose and treat fibromyalgia. People suffering from this disease are often seen as difficult patients, whose credibility is constantly questioned and stigmatised. This study identifies the factors that cause discordance between professionals and patients, in order to optimise clinical practice
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Bibliographic citation
Vázquez-González, G., Allande-Cussó, R., Gómez-Salgado, J., Yildirim, M., Fagundo-Rivera, J., Climent-Rodríguez, J. A., & Navarro-Abal, Y. (2025). Prejuicios, actitudes y estereotipos de los profesionales de la salud hacia la fibromialgia: una revisión sistemática. Atención Primaria, 57(9), 103251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2025.103251














