Población y sostenibilidad territorial de los espacios rurales en España y Portugal
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Abstract
En la Península Ibérica asistimos a múltiples cambios en los espacios rurales, siendo
los más evidentes, en muchos casos, una prolongada pérdida y envejecimiento
poblacional que pone en riesgo su sostenibilidad ambiental, demográfica y social.
En las últimas décadas se han llevado a cabo múltiples políticas e inversiones para
contrarrestar estas tendencias, cuyos resultados se han mostrado incapaces de frenar
el despoblamiento, abandono de actividades y pérdida de patrimonio cultural
(material e inmaterial) y paisajístico. El panorama demográfico del medio rural del
interior peninsular y áreas fronterizas (Raya ibérica) es muy preocupante. La disminución
poblacional y el envejecimiento se refuerzan con la pérdida de servicios,
e inciden en el abandono de actividades y un menor atractivo frente a los territorios
urbanos, tornándose en incapaces para fijar siquiera su actual población.
Estas circunstancias justifican esta investigación. El elemento conductor ha sido la
evolución reciente y características de la población y del poblamiento. El ámbito
de estudio son los dos países ibéricos, España y Portugal, con notables semejanzas
geográficas e históricas y con una frontera extensa y antigua. Para ello se ha utilizado
una base de datos de escala municipal con datos demográficos (INE) georreferenciados
con el apoyo de un SIG.
In the Iberian Peninsula we are witnessing multiple changes in rural areas, the most evident of which are, in many cases, a prolonged loss and ageing of the population, which puts their environmental, demographic and social sustainability at risk. In recent decades, multiple policies and investments have been carried out to counteract these trends, the results of which have proved incapable of halting depopulation, abandonment of activities and loss of cultural heritage (tangible and intangible) and landscape. The demographic outlook for the rural areas of the interior of the peninsula and border areas (Iberian border) is very worrying. Population decline and ageing are reinforced by the loss of services, and lead to the abandonment of activities and a lower attractiveness compared to urban territories, making them incapable of fixing even their current population. These circumstances justify this research. The driving element has been the recent evolution and characteristics of the population and settlement. The scope of the study is the two Iberian countries, Spain and Portugal, with notable geographical and historical similarities and with an extensive and ancient border. For this purpose, a municipal-scale database with geo-referenced demographic data (INE) has been used with the support of a GIS.
In the Iberian Peninsula we are witnessing multiple changes in rural areas, the most evident of which are, in many cases, a prolonged loss and ageing of the population, which puts their environmental, demographic and social sustainability at risk. In recent decades, multiple policies and investments have been carried out to counteract these trends, the results of which have proved incapable of halting depopulation, abandonment of activities and loss of cultural heritage (tangible and intangible) and landscape. The demographic outlook for the rural areas of the interior of the peninsula and border areas (Iberian border) is very worrying. Population decline and ageing are reinforced by the loss of services, and lead to the abandonment of activities and a lower attractiveness compared to urban territories, making them incapable of fixing even their current population. These circumstances justify this research. The driving element has been the recent evolution and characteristics of the population and settlement. The scope of the study is the two Iberian countries, Spain and Portugal, with notable geographical and historical similarities and with an extensive and ancient border. For this purpose, a municipal-scale database with geo-referenced demographic data (INE) has been used with the support of a GIS.
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Bibliographic citation
Jurado Almonte, J. M., & Pazos García, F. J. (2022). Población y sostenibilidad territorial de los espacios rurales en España y Portugal. In Cuadernos Geográficos (Vol. 61, Issue 2, pp. 61–87). Editorial de la Universidad de Granada. https://doi.org/10.30827/cuadgeo.v61i2.23878














