Currículo de Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional de la UNESCO para profesores desde la perspectiva de la Estructura de la Información
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Abstract
La disciplina Estructura de la Información estudia los intereses que subyacen a la dinámica comunicacional y a las
estrategias de información, y su correlación con los mensajes. Considerando clave este conocimiento para la Educación en
Comunicación, y una vez confirmada su estrecha relación con las dimensiones de la competencia mediática, se analiza su
presencia en el currículo de Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional (AMI) del profesorado, cuya formación es crucial
para el éxito del proceso, elaborado por la UNESCO, órgano de referencia mundial en el área. El análisis de contenido
semántico desvela, desde un punto de vista cuantitativo, la fuerte presencia de las áreas temáticas de la Estructura de la
Información en las competencias y contenidos del currículo. No obstante, aplicado cualitativamente, se detectan debilidades
de fondo en la relación con el enfoque estructural de la información. Ocurre cuando decae el declarado espíritu crítico del
texto, empezando por definir a los medios como fuentes de información fiable. La ubicuidad de la desinformación y el papel
crucial del conocimiento de los agentes envueltos en la misma y del desarrollo del pensamiento crítico para afrontarla, obliga
a la actualización de este currículo –a cuyo desarrollo se contribuye con esta revisión–, haciendo, además, más necesario
que nunca el afrontarla desde un enfoque estructural que favorezca una ciudadanía crítica y el proceso democrático
The discipline Structural Considerations of Information explores the interests underlying communicational dynamics and information strategies, as well as the ways in which they correlate with messages. Considering this knowledge to be key in Communication Education, and having confirmed its close relationship with the dimensions of media competence, its presence is analyzed in the Media and Information Literacy (MIL) curriculum for teachers, whose training is crucial for the success of the process, developed by UNESCO, an organization that is a global referent in the field. A semantic content analysis reveals, from a quantitative perspective, a strong presence of thematic areas covered by the Structural Considerations of Information subject within the competencies and contents of the curriculum. However, at a qualitative level, there are fundamental weaknesses in its relationship with the structural approach to information. This occurs when the critical spirit of the text declines, starting with a definition of the media as sources of reliable information. The ubiquity of disinformation, and the key role played by stakeholders’ knowledge, as well as the development of critical thinking to address it requires an update of this curriculum–the present review contributes to this development– highlighting the current necessity to address it from a structural vantage that fosters critical citizenship and a democratic process
The discipline Structural Considerations of Information explores the interests underlying communicational dynamics and information strategies, as well as the ways in which they correlate with messages. Considering this knowledge to be key in Communication Education, and having confirmed its close relationship with the dimensions of media competence, its presence is analyzed in the Media and Information Literacy (MIL) curriculum for teachers, whose training is crucial for the success of the process, developed by UNESCO, an organization that is a global referent in the field. A semantic content analysis reveals, from a quantitative perspective, a strong presence of thematic areas covered by the Structural Considerations of Information subject within the competencies and contents of the curriculum. However, at a qualitative level, there are fundamental weaknesses in its relationship with the structural approach to information. This occurs when the critical spirit of the text declines, starting with a definition of the media as sources of reliable information. The ubiquity of disinformation, and the key role played by stakeholders’ knowledge, as well as the development of critical thinking to address it requires an update of this curriculum–the present review contributes to this development– highlighting the current necessity to address it from a structural vantage that fosters critical citizenship and a democratic process
Keywords
Desinformación; Producción mediática; Sistema de medios; Formación del profesorado; Alfabetización mediática; Pensamiento crítico; Estructura de la información; Competencia mediática; Disinformation; Media production; Media systems; Teacher training; Media literacy; Critical thinking; Structural considerations of information; Media competence







