Thermal, thermo-oxidative and thermomechanical degradation of PLA: A comparative study based on rheological, chemical and thermal properties

Abstract

This research studies the effect of thermal, thermo-oxidative and thermomechanical degradation conditions on the melt rheological, chemical and thermal properties of PLA at temperatures around its normal processing temperature. Thermal and thermo-oxidative degradations were conducted on a rheometer by using nitrogen or air as gas, respectively, and the thermomechanical degradation was performed on a mixer equipped with two counter-rotating rollers. Dynamic oscillatory rheology, TGA, DSC and FTIR were performed on PLA samples subjected to different degradation conditions: temperature (180, 200 or 220 °C), time (15, 30 or 60 min), atmosphere (air or atmosphere) and the application of mechanical stress or not. Thus, rheological results indicate the synergic effect that temperature, mechanical stress and time exerts on the extent of chain scission phenomena, which was also corroborated by FTIR results; however, the individual contribution of mechanical stress diminishes gradually with the degradation time, being more pronounced for higher degradation temperature. In addition, degree of crystallinity (χc) turned out not to be a suitable parameter for comparing degraded samples, since all of them became amorphous after degradation. Instead, glass transition (Tg) and cold crystallization (Tcc) temperatures as well as the cold crystallization enthalpy (ΔHcc) reveal that the chain scission phenomena makes degraded samples easier to crystallize. Finally, TGA results point out a worsening of the PLA thermal stability, with lower values of the characteristic temperatures (T5% and Tmax) for degraded samples.