Scoping Review of the Psychological Effects of Gender-Based Violence on Children

Abstract

The lack of acknowledgment of children as victims of gender-based violence hinders the support they receive. This study aimed to identify the psychological consequences of children’s exposure to gender-based violence and gaps in knowledge. This work used a scoping review approach, based on the PRISMA quality criteria. The search was conducted in the 14 databases included in the Web of Science platform. A total of 13 open-access articles published in English between 2015 and 2025 that focus on gender-based violence psychological consequences in children met the inclusion criteria. The results of the review indicate that gender violence has significant negative psychological, emotional, and social effects on children exposed to it. Thus, symptoms of internalizing, externalizing, and post-traumatic stress disorder may appear. Additionally, there is a high probability of experiencing difficulties in school, interpersonal relationships, and identity development. These effects may have long-term consequences affecting well-being and development later in life. It is crucial to recognize children as direct and significant victims of gender-based violence and promote their protection through psychological, educational, and social support.