Programa para la detección de hipercolesterolemia familiar en la provincia de Huelva
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Abstract
INTRODUCCIÓN:
La Hipercolesterolemia Familiar es la causa genética más frecuente de enfermedad coronaria
prematura, asociando una importante morbimortalidad. La mayoría de los casos están sin
diagnosticar y el retraso en el diagnóstico impide el correcto tratamiento precoz para intentar
cambiar el curso de la enfermedad. No existen estrategias efectivas de cribado a nivel nacional
que aseguren un correcto diagnóstico, lo que constituye un problema de Salud Pública.
OBJETIVO:
Determinar la capacidad de un laboratorio centralizado para el diagnóstico de
Hipercolesterolemia Familiar mediante la creación de un programa de salud para el cribado
poblacional en la provincia de Huelva.
MÉTODO:
Búsqueda activa de pacientes con hipercolesterolemia primaria severa a través de las analíticas
realizadas en los laboratorios de referencia con resultados de colesterol total mayor de 300
mg/dl y valoración en la Unidad de Lípidos de Huelva para identificar casos índice, con
realización posterior de diagnóstico en cascada familiar.
RESULTADOS:
Se examinaron 37440 analíticas con perfil lipídico. La prevalencia puntual de
hipercolesterolemia primaria severa en pacientes sometidos a pruebas de perfil lipídico de
laboratorio fue 1:195. Tras el cribado fueron vistos en la Unidad de Lípidos 846 individuos, de
los cuales fueron diagnosticados de Hipercolesterolemia Familiar según criterios de la Red de
Clínicas de Lípidos Holandesas como posibles 654 y probables/definitivos 192 individuos, lo
que supone 1.74 % y 0.51 % de la población general examinada respectivamente.
CONCLUSIONES:
Con los resultados que publicamos, la estrategia de diagnóstico mediante alerta de laboratorio
centralizado es efectiva. Haciendo un primer cribado desde laboratorio a través de una alerta al
médico que solicite la analítica, junto con la búsqueda oportunista de casos sospechosos y
posterior derivación a clínicas especializadas, podría ser un programa de cribado nacional
eficiente. La sensibilización y formación sobre Hipercolesterolemia Familiar de las distintas áreas
médicas, y una estrecha colaboración con los médicos de Atención Primaria es fundamental para
que este programa de cribado sea eficaz.
BACKGROUND: Familial Hypercholesterolemia is the most frequent genetic cause of premature coronary disease, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Most of the cases are undiagnosed and the delay in the diagnosis prevents the correct early treatment to try to change the course of the disease. There are no effective screening strategies at the national level to ensure a correct diagnosis, which constitutes a Public Health problem. OBJECTIVE: To determine the capacity of a centralized laboratory for the diagnosis of Familial Hypercholesterolemia through the creation of a health program for population screening in the province of Huelva. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Active search of patients with primary hypercholesterolemia through the blood tests carried out in the reference laboratories with results of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol greater than 200 mg/dl and assessment in the Lipid Unit of Huelva to identify index cases, with subsequent family cascade screening. RESULTS: 37440 blood tests with lipid profile were examined. The prevalence of severe primary hypercholesterolemia in patients subjected to laboratory lipid profile tests was 1: 195. After screening, 846 individuals were seen in the Lipid Unit, of which they were diagnosed with Familial Hypercholesterolemia according to the criteria of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network as possible 654 and probable/definitive 192 individuals, which represents 1.74 % and 0.51 %. of the general population examined respectively. CONCLUSIONS: With the results we publish, the centralized laboratory alert diagnostic strategy is effective. Making a first screening from the Laboratory through an alert to the doctor requesting the analysis, together with the opportunistic search for suspected cases and subsequent referral to specialized clinics, could be an efficient national screening program. Awareness and training on Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the different medical areas, and close collaboration with Primary Care physicians is essential for this screening program to be effective.
BACKGROUND: Familial Hypercholesterolemia is the most frequent genetic cause of premature coronary disease, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Most of the cases are undiagnosed and the delay in the diagnosis prevents the correct early treatment to try to change the course of the disease. There are no effective screening strategies at the national level to ensure a correct diagnosis, which constitutes a Public Health problem. OBJECTIVE: To determine the capacity of a centralized laboratory for the diagnosis of Familial Hypercholesterolemia through the creation of a health program for population screening in the province of Huelva. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Active search of patients with primary hypercholesterolemia through the blood tests carried out in the reference laboratories with results of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol greater than 200 mg/dl and assessment in the Lipid Unit of Huelva to identify index cases, with subsequent family cascade screening. RESULTS: 37440 blood tests with lipid profile were examined. The prevalence of severe primary hypercholesterolemia in patients subjected to laboratory lipid profile tests was 1: 195. After screening, 846 individuals were seen in the Lipid Unit, of which they were diagnosed with Familial Hypercholesterolemia according to the criteria of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network as possible 654 and probable/definitive 192 individuals, which represents 1.74 % and 0.51 %. of the general population examined respectively. CONCLUSIONS: With the results we publish, the centralized laboratory alert diagnostic strategy is effective. Making a first screening from the Laboratory through an alert to the doctor requesting the analysis, together with the opportunistic search for suspected cases and subsequent referral to specialized clinics, could be an efficient national screening program. Awareness and training on Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the different medical areas, and close collaboration with Primary Care physicians is essential for this screening program to be effective.














