Percepción de docentes y estudiantes sobre el ciberacoso. Estrategias de intervención en Primaria y Secundaria
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Abstract
Actualmente los centros educativos tienen el reto de enfrentarse al fenómeno del ciberacoso, cada vez más presente entre los
adolescentes. El presente estudio analiza la percepción del profesorado y del alumnado y las estrategias que ambos colectivos utilizan
para afrontarlo. Su conocimiento permitirá avanzar en su prevención e intervención en las aulas. El estudio se realizó con
1.704 estudiantes de educación primaria, secundaria y 238 profesores a los que se aplicaron sendos cuestionarios sobre ciberacoso.
Se utilizó un método descriptivo y transversal. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en las causas que el profesorado
atribuye al ciberacoso según la etapa educativa donde ejerza la docencia, apareciendo en el alumnado según el rol que
adopta en la situación de acoso: víctima o acosador. También se encuentran diferencias en las estrategias de intervención utilizadas
por el profesorado, según la titularidad del centro, la etapa educativa y el sexo, siendo las más empleadas comunicar,
mediar y buscar ayuda; en el alumnado predominan las estrategias de evitación, protección y denuncia. Los escolares en general
muestran escasa confianza en el profesorado para resolver el problema del ciberacoso. Se concluye exponiendo la importancia
de dotar al profesorado de formación específica y de modelos de actuación ante este fenómeno, y señalando la necesidad de
coordinar los esfuerzos de docentes y estudiantes
Currently, schools face the challenge of dealing with the phenomena of cyberbullying, which is increasingly present among teenagers. This study analyses teachers’ and students’ perception of the problem, as well as the strategies that both groups use to avoid it. Its findings will allow advances in prevention and intervention in the schools. The study was conducted on 1,704 primary and secondary school students and 238 teachers who completed questionnaires about cyberbullying. We used a cross-sectional descriptive method. Findings show significant differences in the motives teachers attributed to cyberbullying. These depend on the educational stage they work in, whereas, among students, it depends on the role they have in the cyberbullying situation: victim or aggressor. We also find differences in the intervention strategies used by teachers, depending on the type of school, educational stage, and gender. Those used the most are communicating, mediating and seeking help. For students, the predominant strategies are avoidance, protection, and reporting. Schoolchildren, in general, show little confidence in their teachers’ ability to solve the problem of cyberbullying. The study highlights the importance of training teachers and providing them with action models when faced with this issue, and it points out the necessity of coordinating the efforts of both teachers and students
Currently, schools face the challenge of dealing with the phenomena of cyberbullying, which is increasingly present among teenagers. This study analyses teachers’ and students’ perception of the problem, as well as the strategies that both groups use to avoid it. Its findings will allow advances in prevention and intervention in the schools. The study was conducted on 1,704 primary and secondary school students and 238 teachers who completed questionnaires about cyberbullying. We used a cross-sectional descriptive method. Findings show significant differences in the motives teachers attributed to cyberbullying. These depend on the educational stage they work in, whereas, among students, it depends on the role they have in the cyberbullying situation: victim or aggressor. We also find differences in the intervention strategies used by teachers, depending on the type of school, educational stage, and gender. Those used the most are communicating, mediating and seeking help. For students, the predominant strategies are avoidance, protection, and reporting. Schoolchildren, in general, show little confidence in their teachers’ ability to solve the problem of cyberbullying. The study highlights the importance of training teachers and providing them with action models when faced with this issue, and it points out the necessity of coordinating the efforts of both teachers and students







