Formulation and processing of novel non-aqueous polyethylene glycol-in-silicone oil (o/o) phase change emulsions

Abstract

Oil-in-oil phase change emulsions, composed of phase change materials (PCMs) dispersed in a continuous oily medium, have never been reported in the literature. The current study involves the formulation, stabilisation and characterisation of novel anhydrous emulsions of polyethylene glycol (PEG4000) as PCM in silicone oil. Emulsions with different dispersed phase concentrations were evaluated by analysing the viscous flow properties, optical microscopy and modulated differential scanning calorimetry. The results evidence that the emulsions can be pre-stabilised at 80 °C, under high shear conditions, by selecting an adequate silicone surfactant but undergo a severe destabilisation after a cooling and heating cycle. Nevertheless, a post-processing protocol (low shear agitation at 80 °C for 24 h) leads to thermal cycle resistant and storage stable nonaqueous dispersions. This process gives rise to a reduction of the shear-thinning character of the emulsion, shifts the melting and crystallization temperature of the PEG4000 to lower values and reduce its crystallinity. This is attributed to partial compatibility of the crystalline fraction of PEG4000 with other compounds of the emulsion.