Importancia del sueño en el rendimiento y la salud del deportista
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Abstract
El sueño es un determinante fundamental en el rendimiento y la salud
del deportista. En la actualidad algunos expertos la definen como la mejor
estrategia de recuperación debido a sus efectos fisiológicos y restaurativos. Los
deportistas deben ser alentados a dormir más horas que la población general,
debido a las demandas de recuperación impuestas por el ejercicio. La presente
revisión teórica busca esclarecer los factores que afectan al sueño, los efectos
de éste sobre el rendimiento deportivo y la salud, así como explicar las
estrategias más determinantes para mejorar la cantidad y calidad del sueño del
deportista. Para ello es importante tener en cuenta los horarios de los eventos
deportivos, el estrés psicosocial del deportista, el uso de dispositivos electrónicos,
los viajes, el uso de sustancias estimulantes como la cafeína o la ingesta de
alcohol, entre otros. Diferentes estrategias como la extensión del sueño, las
siestas, estrategias de higiene del sueño y nutricionales deben ser consideradas
en la mejora del sueño del deportista
Sleep is a fundamental determinant in the performance and health of the athlete. At present, some experts define it as the best recovery strategy due to its physiological and restorative effects. Athletes should be encouraged to sleep longer than the general population, due to the recovery demands imposed by the exercise. The present review looks for to clarify the factors that affect, the effects of these on sports performance and health, as well as describe the most decisive strategies to improve the quantity and quality of the athlete's sleep. Consequently, it is important the schedules of sporting events, the psychosocial stress of the athlete, the use of electronic devices, travel to compete, the use of stimulating substances such as caffeine or alcohol intake, among others. Different strategies such as sleep extension, naps, sleep hygiene and nutritional strategies should be considered in improving the athlete's sleep
Sleep is a fundamental determinant in the performance and health of the athlete. At present, some experts define it as the best recovery strategy due to its physiological and restorative effects. Athletes should be encouraged to sleep longer than the general population, due to the recovery demands imposed by the exercise. The present review looks for to clarify the factors that affect, the effects of these on sports performance and health, as well as describe the most decisive strategies to improve the quantity and quality of the athlete's sleep. Consequently, it is important the schedules of sporting events, the psychosocial stress of the athlete, the use of electronic devices, travel to compete, the use of stimulating substances such as caffeine or alcohol intake, among others. Different strategies such as sleep extension, naps, sleep hygiene and nutritional strategies should be considered in improving the athlete's sleep







