Características y conservación de las lagunas peridunares del NE de Mazagón
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Abstract
Las lagunas de Doñana están sometidas a una disminución de los aportes por la fuerte
explotación de sus aguas subterráneas desde los años 70 del siglo pasado, que cada año reduce el
agua disponible para los ecosistemas acuáticos. Por otro lado, actualmente numerosos humedales
se encuentran en peligro de desaparición, en un marco de Cambio Global. Doñana es un
ecosistema frágil, por lo que debemos destinar nuestras acciones hacia su conservación. Este
estudio se centra en 12 lagunas de la zona más occidental del Abalario, que forma parte del
Espacio Natural de Doñana, al noreste de Mazagón. El propósito del trabajo ha sido estudiar los
niveles de inundación e hidroquímica, la morfología de las lagunas y su vegetación para así
determinar su estado de conservación. Para ello, se han realizado muestreos de campo, análisis
de aguas y suelos en laboratorio, vuelos de dron y cartografía de mapas con ArcGIS. A partir de
los resultados obtenidos se ha determinado que, en general son lagunas someras de pequeña
superficie. La laguna de mayor extensión es la laguna Grande de las Turmas con 8 ha de
superficie y la más somera es la laguna de Moguer 1 con menos de 30 cm, la más profunda Pozo
Candiles con 3,4 m. Las precipitaciones durante el año 2022/23 han sido escasas, con 379,2 mm.
La laguna con una mayor hidroperiodo ha sido la de Moguer 1, que se inundó tras las
precipitaciones de diciembre de 2022 y mantuvo una pequeña lámina de agua (< 0,4 m) hasta
abril o mayo de 2023. En los zacallones de la laguna del Martillo también se ha mantenido agua
durante ese periodo, pero el resto de su vaso lagunar permaneció totalmente seco. La baja
permeabilidad de los materiales, observados a través del perfil de suelo de la laguna del
Martillo, contribuyen a retener temporalmente el agua de las precipitaciones en estas lagunas.
Las lagunas serían de alimentación principalmente epigénica, como también pone de manifiesto
la baja salinidad de sus aguas. Por otro lado, se han observado concentraciones de Pb y Cd por
encima de los límites legalmente establecidos. Teniendo en cuenta los cambios en la vegetación,
la laguna Grande de las Turmas sería la peor conservada ya que su cubeta ha sido colonizada por un pinar. Considerando la elevada biodiversidad y la clasificación de Hábitats de Interés
Comunitario, a pesar de que en la zona de estudio se evidencian esfuerzos por su conservación,
aún es necesario realizar más investigaciones, optimizar los planes de gestión y realizar acciones
para preservarlas en un futuro como fuentes de biodiversidad, naturaleza y bienestar humano.
The Doñana lagoons are under a decrease in contributions due to the heavy exploitation of their groundwater since the 70s of the last century, reducing the water available for aquatic ecosystems each year. On the other hand, currently numerous wetlands are in danger of disappearance, in a context of Global Change. Doñana is a fragile ecosystem, so we must direct our actions towards its conservation. This study focuses on 12 lagoons in the westernmost area of Abalario, which is part of the Doñana Natural Space, northeast of Mazagón. The purpose of the work has been to study the levels of flooding and hydrochemistry, the morphology of the lagoons and their vegetation in order to determine their state of conservation. To achieve this, it has been needed field sampling, water and soil analysis in the laboratory, drone flights and map mapping with ArcGIS have been carried out. From the results obtained, it has been determined that, in general, they are shallow lagoons with a small surface area. The largest lagoon is the Grande de las Turmas lagoon with 8 hectares of surface and the shallowest is the Moguer 1 lagoon with less than 30 cm, the deepest Pozo Candiles with 3.4 m. Precipitation during the year 2022/23 has been low, with 379.2 mm. The lagoon with the longest hydroperiod has been Moguer 1, which was flooded after the December 2022 rainfall and maintained a small sheet of water (< 0.4 m) until April or May 2023. The zacallones of El Martillo lagoon has also maintained water during that period, but the rest of its lagoon basin remained completely dry. The low permeability of the materials, observed through the soil profile of El Martillo lagoon, contributes to temporarily retaining water from precipitation in these lagoons. The lagoons would be mainly epigenic feeding, as also evidenced by the low salinity of its waters. On the other hand, concentrations of Pb and Cd have been observed above the legally established limits. In regard to the changes in the vegetation, the Grande de las Turmas lagoon is the worst preserved since its basin has been colonized by a pine forest. Considering the high biodiversity and the classification of Habitats of Community Interest, although efforts for their conservation are evident in the study area, it is still necessary to carry out more research, optimize management plans and do actions to preserve them in the future as sources of biodiversity, nature and human well-being.
The Doñana lagoons are under a decrease in contributions due to the heavy exploitation of their groundwater since the 70s of the last century, reducing the water available for aquatic ecosystems each year. On the other hand, currently numerous wetlands are in danger of disappearance, in a context of Global Change. Doñana is a fragile ecosystem, so we must direct our actions towards its conservation. This study focuses on 12 lagoons in the westernmost area of Abalario, which is part of the Doñana Natural Space, northeast of Mazagón. The purpose of the work has been to study the levels of flooding and hydrochemistry, the morphology of the lagoons and their vegetation in order to determine their state of conservation. To achieve this, it has been needed field sampling, water and soil analysis in the laboratory, drone flights and map mapping with ArcGIS have been carried out. From the results obtained, it has been determined that, in general, they are shallow lagoons with a small surface area. The largest lagoon is the Grande de las Turmas lagoon with 8 hectares of surface and the shallowest is the Moguer 1 lagoon with less than 30 cm, the deepest Pozo Candiles with 3.4 m. Precipitation during the year 2022/23 has been low, with 379.2 mm. The lagoon with the longest hydroperiod has been Moguer 1, which was flooded after the December 2022 rainfall and maintained a small sheet of water (< 0.4 m) until April or May 2023. The zacallones of El Martillo lagoon has also maintained water during that period, but the rest of its lagoon basin remained completely dry. The low permeability of the materials, observed through the soil profile of El Martillo lagoon, contributes to temporarily retaining water from precipitation in these lagoons. The lagoons would be mainly epigenic feeding, as also evidenced by the low salinity of its waters. On the other hand, concentrations of Pb and Cd have been observed above the legally established limits. In regard to the changes in the vegetation, the Grande de las Turmas lagoon is the worst preserved since its basin has been colonized by a pine forest. Considering the high biodiversity and the classification of Habitats of Community Interest, although efforts for their conservation are evident in the study area, it is still necessary to carry out more research, optimize management plans and do actions to preserve them in the future as sources of biodiversity, nature and human well-being.














