Conocimiento y evaluación de la toma de decisiones compartidas en la práctica oncológica desde el punto de vista médico.
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Abstract
Fundamentos: La implementación de la Toma de
Decisiones Compartidas (TDC) en oncología es escasa.
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el conocimiento de
la TDC que tienen los médicos que tratan a pacientes con
cáncer, la utilidad que le conceden, el rol que desempeñan,
la evaluación que hacen, y las barreras y facilitadores que
encuentran para su uso.
Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta a oncólogos
médicos, oncólogos radioterápicos y cirujanos generales
que ejercían en Andalucía (España). Se recogieron
variables sociodemográficas, clínico-asistenciales y
de aspectos de la TDC. La TDC se evaluó mediante el
cuestionario SDM-Q-Doc. Se emplearon contrastes no
paramétricos para determinar las posibles diferencias
entre especialidades médicas.
Resultados: El cuestionario se envió a 351 médicos
y la tasa de respuesta fue del 37,04%. Respondieron 63
mujeres y 67 hombres, con un promedio de 45,6 años
de edad y 18,04 años de experiencia. El 33,08% eran
oncólogos médicos, el 34,61% oncólogos radioterápicos
y el 29,23% cirujanos generales. El 82,3% no tenía
formación en TDC y el 33,8% reconocía saber bastante
y utilizarla en su práctica habitual. El 80% consideró que
era muy útil. El 60% respondió que la decisión sobre el
tratamiento la tomaban mayormente ellos. Al evaluar la
TDC con la escala SDM-Q-Doc, todas las especialidades
obtuvieron más de 80 puntos sobre 100. Las principales
barreras para aplicar la TDC fueron la dificultad del
paciente para entender lo que necesitaba saber, la falta de
instrumentos de apoyo, así como la falta de tiempo.
Conclusiones: Un 82% de los médicos no tiene
formación en TDC y un 66% no la utiliza en su práctica
habitual, tomando la decisión sobre el tratamiento
mayoritariamente ellos. Es importante adoptar estrategias
para aumentar la formación en TDC e implementarla en la
práctica clínica diaria.
Background: Implementation of Shared Decision Making (SDM) in oncology is limited. The objective of the study was to determine the extent of physicians’ awareness of Shared Decision Making (SDM) in their treatment of cancer patients, the usefulness that they assign to SDM, the role they play, their assessment of SDM, and perceptions of the main barriers and facilitators to its use. Methods: A questionnaire was completed by medical oncologists, radiation oncologists and general surgeons working in Andalusia (Spain). Sociodemographic, clinical-care and aspects of SDM variables were collected. SDM was evaluated using the SDM-Q-Doc questionnaire. Non-parametric contrasts were used to determine the possible differences between medical specialties. Results: The questionnaire was sent to 351 physicians. The response rate was 37.04%, 63 women and 67 men, with an average age of 45.6 years and 18.04 years’ experience. Of these, 33.08% were medical oncologists, 34.61% radiation oncologists and 29.23% general surgeons. A total of 82.3% stated they had received no training in SDM, whereas 33.8% said they knew a lot about SDM and applied it in practice; 80% considered it to be very useful. In addition, 60% of respondents said they were mainly the ones who made the decisions on treatment. An evaluation of SDM on the SDM-Q-Doc scale showed that all the specialities scored more than 80/100. The main barriers to applying SDM were the difficulty patients experienced in understanding what they needed to know, the lack of decision aids and time. Conclusions: Some 82% of physicians have no training in SDM and 66% don´t use it in practice, with decisions on treatment taken mainly by the physicians themselves. Strategies to increase training in SDM and to implement it into clinical practice are important.
Background: Implementation of Shared Decision Making (SDM) in oncology is limited. The objective of the study was to determine the extent of physicians’ awareness of Shared Decision Making (SDM) in their treatment of cancer patients, the usefulness that they assign to SDM, the role they play, their assessment of SDM, and perceptions of the main barriers and facilitators to its use. Methods: A questionnaire was completed by medical oncologists, radiation oncologists and general surgeons working in Andalusia (Spain). Sociodemographic, clinical-care and aspects of SDM variables were collected. SDM was evaluated using the SDM-Q-Doc questionnaire. Non-parametric contrasts were used to determine the possible differences between medical specialties. Results: The questionnaire was sent to 351 physicians. The response rate was 37.04%, 63 women and 67 men, with an average age of 45.6 years and 18.04 years’ experience. Of these, 33.08% were medical oncologists, 34.61% radiation oncologists and 29.23% general surgeons. A total of 82.3% stated they had received no training in SDM, whereas 33.8% said they knew a lot about SDM and applied it in practice; 80% considered it to be very useful. In addition, 60% of respondents said they were mainly the ones who made the decisions on treatment. An evaluation of SDM on the SDM-Q-Doc scale showed that all the specialities scored more than 80/100. The main barriers to applying SDM were the difficulty patients experienced in understanding what they needed to know, the lack of decision aids and time. Conclusions: Some 82% of physicians have no training in SDM and 66% don´t use it in practice, with decisions on treatment taken mainly by the physicians themselves. Strategies to increase training in SDM and to implement it into clinical practice are important.
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Bibliographic citation
Padilla Garrido N., Aguado Correa F., Bayo Lozano E., Bayo Calero J., Ortega Moreno M. (2019) Conocimiento y evaluación de la toma de decisiones compartidas en la práctica oncológica desde el punto de vista médico. Revista Española de Salud Pública . 2019;93:














