El noviazgo en la España Moderna y la importancia de la «palabra». Tradición y conflicto
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Este trabajo analiza la fuerza de los esponsales en la sociedad occidental durante los Tiempos Modernos. La palabra de casamiento, sin estar revestida de carácter sacramental, ni ser requerida formalmente para la celebración del matrimonio canónico, generaba en el ideario colectivo un vínculo difícilmente destructible. La promesa intercambiada obligaba a los implicados a mantener firme su ofrecimiento hasta el acto mismo del casamiento. Así aparecía recogido en la legislación moderna –eclesiástica y secular– y así sería respaldada en la opinión popular. Ni el concilio de Trento ni las instituciones eclesiásticas –pese al decreto Tametsi– lograron evitar la pervivencia de su signicado, y la práctica común mantendría su valor adaptando a la realidad cotidiana la esencia del sacramento: la expresión del libre consentimiento y su consumación mediante «trato carnal». El estudio de las demandas por incumplimiento de promesa de matrimonio refleja la pervivencia de una práctica social antigua y revela parte del entramado histórico del proceso matrimonial
The present work studies the strength that betrothals had in Western society during Modern Times. Even without having a sacra- mental nature and without being formally required for the celebration of a religious ceremony, the betrothal created in the collective mind a bond that was dif!cult to break. The promisethat was exchanged forced those who were involved to stay true to it until the very act of marriage. This appeared in this way in modern –ecclesiastical and secular– legislation, and it would be thus supported by popular opinion. Neither the Council of Trent nor the ecclesiastical institutions –despite the decree Tametsi– managed to avert the continued existence of its meaning, and common practice would continue to keep its value, adapting the spirit of the sacrament to everyday reality: the expression of free consent and its consummation through «carnal knowledge». The analysis of lawsuits for breach of promise of marriage reflects the persistence of an old social practice and reveals part of the historical scheme of the marriage process.
The present work studies the strength that betrothals had in Western society during Modern Times. Even without having a sacra- mental nature and without being formally required for the celebration of a religious ceremony, the betrothal created in the collective mind a bond that was dif!cult to break. The promisethat was exchanged forced those who were involved to stay true to it until the very act of marriage. This appeared in this way in modern –ecclesiastical and secular– legislation, and it would be thus supported by popular opinion. Neither the Council of Trent nor the ecclesiastical institutions –despite the decree Tametsi– managed to avert the continued existence of its meaning, and common practice would continue to keep its value, adapting the spirit of the sacrament to everyday reality: the expression of free consent and its consummation through «carnal knowledge». The analysis of lawsuits for breach of promise of marriage reflects the persistence of an old social practice and reveals part of the historical scheme of the marriage process.
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Marta Ruiz Sastre, María Luisa Candau Chacón. El noviazgo en la España Moderna y la importancia de la «palabra». Tradición y conflicto. Studia historica. Historia moderna, ISSN 0213-2079, Vol. 38, Nº 2, 2016 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Crisis familiares y curso de vida en la España Moderna), págs. 55-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14201/shhmo201638255105














