Peñacalera (Obejo, Córdoba). Biografía de un contexto sepulcral con restos orgánicos de la Edad del Cobre
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Las prácticas funerarias del iv y iii milenio cal ac se caracterizan en la mayor parte de la Península
Ibérica por la generalización de la arquitectura megalítica, en paralelo a las importantes transformaciones sociales
que tienen lugar a lo largo de la denominada Edad del Cobre. Al mismo tiempo, proliferan enterramientos
colectivos en cuevas naturales en zonas montañosas del área meridional de Iberia, muchos de los cuales parecen
compartir usos similares a los propios de cámaras ortostáticas. En este trabajo presentaremos el sorprendente
caso del yacimiento de Peñacalera, en Obejo, provincia de Córdoba, una pequeña cavidad funeraria situada en
un prominente afloramiento rocoso situado en el macizo de Sierra Morena descubierta en 2014. El contexto
funerario comprende los restos óseos de al menos cinco individuos, asociados a elementos de ajuar como vasos
cerámicos, y elementos de naturaleza orgánica en un notable estado de conservación, especialmente placas de
corcho de alcornoque y algunos fragmentos textiles. El análisis de las dataciones radiocarbónicas efectuadas
apunta a dos fases de uso diferenciadas, una en el tercer cuarto del iv y otra a mediados del iii milenio cal A.C.
The funerary practices of the 4th and 3rd millennia cal bc are marked by the widespread use of megalithic architecture in most of the Iberian Peninsula, alongside major social transformations taking place during the Copper Age. At the same time, we find a proliferation of collective burials in natural caves located in mountainous areas of southern Iberia, some of which also share the typical uses of megalithic chambers. In this paper, we present the unusual case of Peñacalera, in Obejo, Córdoba province, a small burial cave located in a prominent rocky outcrop in the Sierra Morena massif, discovered in 2014. The funerary context includes the skeletal remains of at least five human individuals, associated with grave goods such as ceramic vessels, and organic material in a remarkable state of preservation, especially cork bark and some textile fragments. The analysis of the radiocarbon dates suggests two separate phases of use, one during the third quarter of the 4th and the other in the middle of the 3rd millennia cal BC.
The funerary practices of the 4th and 3rd millennia cal bc are marked by the widespread use of megalithic architecture in most of the Iberian Peninsula, alongside major social transformations taking place during the Copper Age. At the same time, we find a proliferation of collective burials in natural caves located in mountainous areas of southern Iberia, some of which also share the typical uses of megalithic chambers. In this paper, we present the unusual case of Peñacalera, in Obejo, Córdoba province, a small burial cave located in a prominent rocky outcrop in the Sierra Morena massif, discovered in 2014. The funerary context includes the skeletal remains of at least five human individuals, associated with grave goods such as ceramic vessels, and organic material in a remarkable state of preservation, especially cork bark and some textile fragments. The analysis of the radiocarbon dates suggests two separate phases of use, one during the third quarter of the 4th and the other in the middle of the 3rd millennia cal BC.
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Martínez Sánchez, R., Bretones García, M. D., Martínez Fernández, M. J., López Flores, I., Maroto Benavides, R., Román Muñoz, C. M., Henriquez Valido, P., Gleba, M., Cubas Morera, M., Dorado Alejos, A., Bermudez Cano, R., Aljama Martínez, A., Lara Mengual, G. M., & Vera Rodríguez, J. C. (2024). Peñacalera (Obejo, Córdoba). Biografía de un contexto sepulcral con restos orgánicos de la Edad del Cobre. In Zephyrvs (Vol. 92, pp. 15–38). Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca. https://doi.org/10.14201/zephyrus2024921538














