¿Americanización o europeización del Derecho Penal económico?
Loading...
Publication date
Authors
Advisors
Department
Research group
Center
Abstract
Los juristas tendemos a explicar la homogenización del Derecho europeo como un proceso de «armonización
» de los ordenamientos nacionales conforme al nuevo paradigma supranacional, proceso que a la vez
crea y desarrolla esa misma identidad jurídica común. En este artículo, sin embargo, se argumentará que el fundamento
de la armonización no es tanto la interacción y la libre «puesta en común» de los distintos sistemas jurídicos
europeos, como la exposición de estos a la influencia no solo de las tendencias legislativas estadounidenses, sino
también del discurso jurídico angloamericano y las implicaciones de política-criminal que éste conlleva, que con frecuencia
son ajenas, cuando no contrarias, a las que se extraen de los principios de la dogmática penal europea. De
este proceso de influencia, que seria simplista calificar como mero «imperialismo jurídico», el Derecho penal económico
es un gran ejemplo. Se analizarán cuatro de las más importantes áreas del Derecho penal económico como
ejemplos evidentes de recepción de una iconografía político-criminal tomada directamente de la legislación estadounidense:
1) las normas penales de protección del mercado 2) la legislación anticorrupción y contra el lavado de
dinero 3) el gobierno corporativo 4) la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas. Como conclusión, se resaltará
la evidente necesidad de una reflexión en torno al papel de la Ciencia penal europea como instrumento para hacer
frente a la también evidente inexistencia en de un programa político-criminal propio
Legal scholars tend to explain the homogenization of European law as a process of «harmonization» of the domestic legal systems in accordance to the new supranational paradigm, process that at the same time creates and develops a common legal identity. However, in this paper we will argue that the main foundation of harmonization is not the interaction and free «sharing» process between the different European legal systems, but rather their exposure to the influence of the United States legislative trends, as well as the Anglo-American legal discourse and its implications for criminal policy matters, that sometimes have not much to do with those traditionally inferred from European legal theory, when they are not directly contradictory. Economic criminal law is a good instance of this process of influence that we consider too complex to be just labelled as «legal imperialism». Four main areas of economic crime will be analysed as obvious examples of reception of a criminal-policy iconography directly taken from U.S. legislation: 1) criminal laws aimed at protecting the market 2) anticorruption and money laundering legislation 3) corporate governance 4) criminal liability of legal persons. As a conclusion, we will highlight the evident need to rethink the role of the European criminal law Science to face the also evident lack of a European criminal policy agenda
Legal scholars tend to explain the homogenization of European law as a process of «harmonization» of the domestic legal systems in accordance to the new supranational paradigm, process that at the same time creates and develops a common legal identity. However, in this paper we will argue that the main foundation of harmonization is not the interaction and free «sharing» process between the different European legal systems, but rather their exposure to the influence of the United States legislative trends, as well as the Anglo-American legal discourse and its implications for criminal policy matters, that sometimes have not much to do with those traditionally inferred from European legal theory, when they are not directly contradictory. Economic criminal law is a good instance of this process of influence that we consider too complex to be just labelled as «legal imperialism». Four main areas of economic crime will be analysed as obvious examples of reception of a criminal-policy iconography directly taken from U.S. legislation: 1) criminal laws aimed at protecting the market 2) anticorruption and money laundering legislation 3) corporate governance 4) criminal liability of legal persons. As a conclusion, we will highlight the evident need to rethink the role of the European criminal law Science to face the also evident lack of a European criminal policy agenda







