Evaluación del efecto de un programa de arteterapia aplicado a personas con enfermedad de Alzhéimer u otras demencias seniles
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Abstract
Se presenta un estudio experimental con grupo control, de metodología mixta (cuantitativa y cualitativa) que evalúa un programa de arteterapia para personas mayores con alzhéimer u otras demencias seniles.
Tras 4 meses de intervención, más una segunda fase de 16 meses objeto de evaluación cognitiva de seguimiento, los resultados son: utilizando T de Student para dos muestras independientes, con un nivel de confianza del 0.95 (α=.05), 26 g.l., los tests sobre desarrollo cognitivo (MMSE) constatan una mejora comparativa en el grupo de intervención en la evaluación de seguimiento (-3.25), mejora no significativa tras la primera fase de intervención (-0.73). Del contraste de medidas post de depresión obtenidas con el BDI-II resulta un T=-3.47, valor significativo. Las medidas de estado funcional y calidad de vida, obtenidas mediante COOP/WONCA (9 escalas), arrojan como resultado: no se aprecian cambios significativos en dos escalas; mejora significativa pero moderada en 4 escalas; el grupo intervenido con arteterapia ha obtenido una mejora significativa y alta en Sentimientos (T=-3.22) y Actividades Sociales (-5.05). Se añade cálculo de T para muestras dependientes (experimental) en dos medidas (pre y post) o tres (pre, post y seguimiento en Estado Cognitivo). Se añade una visión de los contrastes de medidas en el grupo control, también utilizando el estadístico T para muestras dependientes.
Para la evaluación cualitativa se utilizan la observación directa y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Respecto a la autoestima, fortalecimiento emocional, motivacional, actitudinal y relaciones interpersonales, los resultados muestran incrementos en las personas participantes en el programa.
Is presented an experimental study with control group, mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative) that evaluates a program of art therapy for older people with Alzheimer’s or other senile dementias. After 4 months of intervention, plus a second phase of 16 months subject to follow-up cognitive assessment, the results are: using T-test for two independent samples, with a confidence level of 0.95 (α = .05), 26 gl, on cognitive development tests (MMSE) find a comparative improvement in the intervention group at follow-up evaluation (-3.25), no significant improvement after the first phase of intervention (-0.73). Post contrast depression measures obtained with the BDI-II results in a T = -3.47, significant value. The measures of functional status and quality of life, obtained by COOP / WONCA (9 stops), cast as a result: no significant changes were seen in two scales; moderate but significant improvement in 4 scales; art therapy group intervened has obtained a significant improvement in high Feelings (T = -3.22) and Social Activities (-5.05). T calculation for dependent samples (experimental) is added in two measures (pre and post) or three (pre, post and follow up in Cognitive Status). A comparison of measures contrasts is added in the control group, also using the T statistic for dependent samples. Qualitative assessment for direct observation and semi-structured interviews are used. Regarding self-esteem, emotional, motivational, attitudinal and strengthening interpersonal relationships, the results show increases in participants in the program.
Is presented an experimental study with control group, mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative) that evaluates a program of art therapy for older people with Alzheimer’s or other senile dementias. After 4 months of intervention, plus a second phase of 16 months subject to follow-up cognitive assessment, the results are: using T-test for two independent samples, with a confidence level of 0.95 (α = .05), 26 gl, on cognitive development tests (MMSE) find a comparative improvement in the intervention group at follow-up evaluation (-3.25), no significant improvement after the first phase of intervention (-0.73). Post contrast depression measures obtained with the BDI-II results in a T = -3.47, significant value. The measures of functional status and quality of life, obtained by COOP / WONCA (9 stops), cast as a result: no significant changes were seen in two scales; moderate but significant improvement in 4 scales; art therapy group intervened has obtained a significant improvement in high Feelings (T = -3.22) and Social Activities (-5.05). T calculation for dependent samples (experimental) is added in two measures (pre and post) or three (pre, post and follow up in Cognitive Status). A comparison of measures contrasts is added in the control group, also using the T statistic for dependent samples. Qualitative assessment for direct observation and semi-structured interviews are used. Regarding self-esteem, emotional, motivational, attitudinal and strengthening interpersonal relationships, the results show increases in participants in the program.
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Bibliographic citation
Domínguez Toscano, P. M., Román Benticuaga, J. R., Montero Domínguez, M. del A. Evaluación del efecto de un programa de arteterapia aplicado a personas con enfermedad de Alzhéimer u otras demencias seniles. Arte, Individuo Y Sociedad, 29, 255-278 (Especial) (2017). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/aris.55013











