Factores predictores de los niveles de burnout y work engagement en médicos y enfermeras: una revisión sistemática.
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Abstract
Fundamentos: Los profesionales sanitarios suelen
estar sometidos a condiciones laborales exigentes y tanto
el burnout como el work engagement son reacciones psicológicas que se desarrollan cuando las características personales interactúan con las características del trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los factores que influyen
en los niveles de burnout y work engagement en los profesionales sanitarios.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el formato PRISMA en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative
Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL),
PsycINFO y ScienceDirect de los artículos publicados entre los meses de enero de 2015 y octubre de 2020. Se evaluó
la calidad metodológica a partir de las herramientas de evaluación crítica para estudios no randomizados del Joanna
Briggs Institute (JBI).
Resultados: Un total de 27 estudios fueron incluidos
en esta revisión. Entre los profesionales sanitarios se observaron niveles moderados de work engagement y valores
bajos de burnout. Las demandas laborales (sobrecarga laboral, tipo de turno, concurrencia de eventos negativos, tipo
de servicio, etc.) y los recursos personales, situacionales y
organizacionales (capital psicológico, apoyo social, capacidad de expresar emociones, valores personales, sentirse autorrealizado, entre otros), pueden ser factores que influyan
en los niveles de work engagement y burnout.
Conclusiones: Los resultados permiten ofrecer implicaciones para el diseño, la evaluación y eficacia de las intervenciones en el lugar de trabajo para reducir el riesgo de
burnout y mejorar los niveles de work engagement en los
trabajadores de la salud.
Background: Healthcare professionals are often subjected to demanding working conditions, and both burnout and work engagement are psychological reactions that develop when personality traits interact with the characteristics of the work. The objective of this study was to analyse the factors that influence burnout and work engagement levels among healthcare professionals. Methods: A systematic review of articles published between January 2015 and October 2020 was conducted in the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, and ScienceDirect electronic databases, following the PRISMA format. Methodological quality was assessed through the critical evaluation tools for nonrandomised studies by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: A total of 27 studies were included in this review. Moderate levels of work engagement and low levels of burnout were observed among healthcare professionals. Job demands (work overload, shift type, negative events, type of service, etc.) and personal, situational, and organisational resources (psychological capital, social support, ability to express emotions, personal values, feeling selffulfilled, among others) may be factors that influence work engagement and burnout levels. Conclusions: The results provide implications for the design, assessment and effectiveness of workplace interventions towards reducing the risk of burnout and improving work engagement levels among healthcare professionals.
Background: Healthcare professionals are often subjected to demanding working conditions, and both burnout and work engagement are psychological reactions that develop when personality traits interact with the characteristics of the work. The objective of this study was to analyse the factors that influence burnout and work engagement levels among healthcare professionals. Methods: A systematic review of articles published between January 2015 and October 2020 was conducted in the Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, and ScienceDirect electronic databases, following the PRISMA format. Methodological quality was assessed through the critical evaluation tools for nonrandomised studies by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: A total of 27 studies were included in this review. Moderate levels of work engagement and low levels of burnout were observed among healthcare professionals. Job demands (work overload, shift type, negative events, type of service, etc.) and personal, situational, and organisational resources (psychological capital, social support, ability to express emotions, personal values, feeling selffulfilled, among others) may be factors that influence work engagement and burnout levels. Conclusions: The results provide implications for the design, assessment and effectiveness of workplace interventions towards reducing the risk of burnout and improving work engagement levels among healthcare professionals.
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Bibliographic citation
García-Iglesias JJ, Gómez-Salgado J, Fagundo-Rivera J, Romero-Martín M, Ortega-Moreno M, Navarro-Abal Y. Factores predictores de los niveles de burnout y work engagement en médicos y enfermeras: una revisión sistemática. Rev Esp Salud Pública. 2021; 95: 5 de abril e202104046. ISSN 1135-5727














