El lenguaje como creador de realidades y opinión pública: análisis crítico a la luz del actual ecosistema mediático
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Este trabajo analiza cómo los medios de comunicación construyen realidad social mediante el lenguaje. La
realidad social es revisada como un constructo discursivo fundamentado en el principio antrópico de la información
y en el axioma watzlawickiano de que “es imposible no comunicar”. Se tiene como objetivo principal
analizar cómo el concepto de “opinión pública” ha evolucionado con el desarrollo de las Tecnologías de
Información y Comunicación (TIC). Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión crítica de la literatura científica,
realizando un mapeo por las bases de datos WoS y Scopus, para luego determinar a partir de un estado de la
cuestión cómo se forman las nuevas definiciones de opinión pública, entendiendo así el ecosistema mediático
y las interacciones de los individuos en el plano de la comunicación digital. Como conclusión principal se destaca
que la opinión pública ya no es solo creada unidireccional y monopólicamente a través de los medios de
comunicación convencionales, sino también con la interacción y participación de la “audiencia prosumidora”
en el seno de las redes sociales. Sin embargo, esto no es indicativo de que se ha perdido por completo el rol de
los medios de comunicación en el control social a través de estrategias como el framing (encuadre) y priming
(priorización) e incluso han surgido, a partir de esta construcción interactiva de las realidades, nuevos vicios
informativos como las fake news (noticias falsas).
This article analyzes how the media constructs social reality through language. Social reality is revised as a discursive construct based on the anthropic principle of information and on Watzlawick's axiom that, “it is impossible not to communicate”. The main objective is to analyze how the concept of “public opinion” has evolved with the development of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT). To this end, a critical review of scientific literature has been carried out, mapping the WoS and Scopus databases, and determining, through a literature review, how the new definitions of public opinion are formed. This increases the understanding of the media ecosystem and the interactions of individuals at the digital communication level. The main conclusion of this study highlights how public opinion is no longer created unidirectionally and monopolistically through conventional media, but with the interaction and participation of the “prosumer audience” within social networks. However, this does not mean the role of the media in social control has been completely lost through strategies such as framing and priming. Indeed, new informative vices, such as fake news, have emerged from this interactive construction of realities.
This article analyzes how the media constructs social reality through language. Social reality is revised as a discursive construct based on the anthropic principle of information and on Watzlawick's axiom that, “it is impossible not to communicate”. The main objective is to analyze how the concept of “public opinion” has evolved with the development of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT). To this end, a critical review of scientific literature has been carried out, mapping the WoS and Scopus databases, and determining, through a literature review, how the new definitions of public opinion are formed. This increases the understanding of the media ecosystem and the interactions of individuals at the digital communication level. The main conclusion of this study highlights how public opinion is no longer created unidirectionally and monopolistically through conventional media, but with the interaction and participation of the “prosumer audience” within social networks. However, this does not mean the role of the media in social control has been completely lost through strategies such as framing and priming. Indeed, new informative vices, such as fake news, have emerged from this interactive construction of realities.
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Bibliographic citation
Civila de Dios, S., Romero Rodriguez, L. M., Aguaded Gómez, I. (2020). El lenguaje como creador de realidades y opinión pública: análisis crítico a la luz del actual ecosistema mediático. Íconos - Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 67, 139–157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17141/iconos.67.2020.3942














