Televisión infantil, pública y de calidad en Chile hoy : el programa Novasur
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Abstract
Esta tesis doctoral abordó la televisión infantil y educativa Novasur, una iniciativa
gestionada por el Consejo Nacional de Televisión, desarrollada entre el año 2000 y
2017. Hoy, bajo el nombre de CNTV infantil, produce contenidos que son distribuidos a
todo el país por más de 50 canales de televisión y a través de su plataforma digital, que
entrega contenidos mediante streaming y dispone de una videoteca con más de 2000
videos. Esta investigación consideró un aspecto poco estudiado: la oferta de Novasur
en tanto televisión infantil pública. Estudiar la televisión hoy supuso considerar las
complejidades propias del avance de la tecnología y cómo ella afecta diferentes
ámbitos. En Chile, la implementación de la televisión digital ofrece incluir a nuevos
actores, mejorar la calidad de las emisiones y otorgar, por primera vez, un espacio a
una señal pública cultural, educativa e infantil. Por otro lado, la convergencia ya ha
cambiado, quizás para siempre, la relación de las audiencias con los medios.
El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la oferta de la plataforma digital
Novasur respecto de su línea editorial, desde los estándares de calidad y el enfoque de
derechos de la infancia en el contexto de implementación de la televisión digital y la
convergencia. Para caracterizar los audiovisuales se utilizó una metodología cualitativa
con un mix de técnicas: un análisis de contenido sobre 2.264 programas de la
plataforma online, considerando la procedencia, vinculación curricular, género, técnica
audiovisual, tema y público. Respecto de los protagonistas, se consideró su edad,
género, diversidad territorial, pertenencia a pueblos originarios, condición de
migrantes y de discapacidad. Se realizó además un análisis de contenido cualitativo a
24 series que fueron estudiadas respecto de su calidad. Finalmente, se realizaron
entrevistas a catorce profesionales latinoamericanos de cinco países, con experiencia
en los canales infantiles, la gestión pública, los festivales audiovisuales y la
educomunicación. Los resultados muestran que la plataforma Novasur dispone de una pluralidad
de contenidos. La mayoría de los programas son protagonizados por niños y niñas de
ambos géneros que provienen de localidades de todo el país e incipientemente, se han
incluido como personajes protagónicos a niños habitualmente excluidos de la televisión abierta: como los pertenecientes a pueblos originarios, en condición de migrantes o
con alguna discapacidad. Se trata de audiovisuales de alta calidad, que permiten a los
niños contar sus propias historias. Los entrevistados concordaron en la importancia de
contar con recursos adecuados y con la voluntad del Estado –transversal a los sectores
políticos y a largo plazo– para desarrollar audiovisuales de primer nivel, innovadores y
convergentes.
Se concluyó que la plataforma Novasur es un buen repositorio, representa a
infancias diversas, si bien aún quedan grupos por incluir. Es posible potenciar la
plataforma con espacios destinados a la participación de las audiencias, si se garantiza
la continuidad del financiamiento. La colaboración continental y las coproducciones
regionales profundizan en las identidades de las infancias con sello local y
latinoamericano y serán un aporte para el canal público infantil actualmente en
discusión.
This doctoral thesis describes children's and educational television Novasur, a public initiative managed by the Consejo Nacional de Televisión, developed between 2000 and 2017. Today, under the name of Children's CNTV, it produces audiovisual content distributed through more than 50 television channels and its own digital platform: delivering content via streaming and having a video library with more than 2000 entries. This research considers an understudied aspect: Novasur’s television public offer for children. The study of television today must consider the complexities of the constantly evolving technology and how it affects different areas. In Chile, the implementation of digital television promises to include new actors, to improve the quality of broadcast, and to provide, for the first time, space for a cultural, educational and children's public signal. On the other hand, convergence has changed, perhaps forever, the relationship between audiences and media. The objective of this study was to characterize the offer of the Novasur digital platform regarding its editorial line, based on quality standards and with a focus on Children's Rights in the context of the implementation of digital television and convergence. A qualitative methodology with a mix of techniques was used to characterize audiovisuals: a content analysis on 2264 programs on the online platform, considering the origin, curricular link, audiovisual technique, theme, and target audience. Regarding the protagonists, their age, gender, territorial diversity, ethnic groups, migrant status, and disability were considered. In addition, a qualitative content analysis was performed on 24 series that were studied for quality criteria. Finally, fourteen interviews were conducted to Latin American professionals from five countries, with experience in managing children's channels, public administration, audiovisual festivals, and media literacy. The results show that the Novasur platform has diversity of content. Most of the programs are led by boys and girls of both genders and they come from all over the country. Also, incipiently, children usually excluded from television such as minorities, children with different ethnic backgrounds, migrants and people with disabilities are lead characters. These high-quality audiovisuals allow children to tell their own stories. Interviewed professionals agreed on the importance of having adequate financial resources and the support of the State -transversal to the political sectors and in the long term– to develop high quality, innovative and convergent audiovisuals. It is concluded that the Novasur platform is a good repository: it represents diverse childhoods, although there are still groups to include such as LGBT children and others. It is possible to enhance the platform with spaces intended for audience participation if the continuity of financing is guaranteed. Continental collaboration and regional co-productions are a strength, as they present a local and Latin American child´s identities and will be a contribution to a public channel aimed to children, currently under discussion.
This doctoral thesis describes children's and educational television Novasur, a public initiative managed by the Consejo Nacional de Televisión, developed between 2000 and 2017. Today, under the name of Children's CNTV, it produces audiovisual content distributed through more than 50 television channels and its own digital platform: delivering content via streaming and having a video library with more than 2000 entries. This research considers an understudied aspect: Novasur’s television public offer for children. The study of television today must consider the complexities of the constantly evolving technology and how it affects different areas. In Chile, the implementation of digital television promises to include new actors, to improve the quality of broadcast, and to provide, for the first time, space for a cultural, educational and children's public signal. On the other hand, convergence has changed, perhaps forever, the relationship between audiences and media. The objective of this study was to characterize the offer of the Novasur digital platform regarding its editorial line, based on quality standards and with a focus on Children's Rights in the context of the implementation of digital television and convergence. A qualitative methodology with a mix of techniques was used to characterize audiovisuals: a content analysis on 2264 programs on the online platform, considering the origin, curricular link, audiovisual technique, theme, and target audience. Regarding the protagonists, their age, gender, territorial diversity, ethnic groups, migrant status, and disability were considered. In addition, a qualitative content analysis was performed on 24 series that were studied for quality criteria. Finally, fourteen interviews were conducted to Latin American professionals from five countries, with experience in managing children's channels, public administration, audiovisual festivals, and media literacy. The results show that the Novasur platform has diversity of content. Most of the programs are led by boys and girls of both genders and they come from all over the country. Also, incipiently, children usually excluded from television such as minorities, children with different ethnic backgrounds, migrants and people with disabilities are lead characters. These high-quality audiovisuals allow children to tell their own stories. Interviewed professionals agreed on the importance of having adequate financial resources and the support of the State -transversal to the political sectors and in the long term– to develop high quality, innovative and convergent audiovisuals. It is concluded that the Novasur platform is a good repository: it represents diverse childhoods, although there are still groups to include such as LGBT children and others. It is possible to enhance the platform with spaces intended for audience participation if the continuity of financing is guaranteed. Continental collaboration and regional co-productions are a strength, as they present a local and Latin American child´s identities and will be a contribution to a public channel aimed to children, currently under discussion.














