Modelo para difundir la alfabetización mediática y competencia digital en la educación superior en latinoamérica; caso de estudio: Ecuador
Loading...
Publication date
Authors
Department
Research group
Center
Abstract
El crecimiento tecnológico y la proliferación de medios de comunicación han transformado profundamente la gestión, representación y uso de la información, generando nuevas oportunidades y retos. Entre estos desafíos destacan la desinformación, la sobreabundancia de mensajes y el uso inadecuado de herramientas tecnológicas. Ante este panorama, la Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional (AMI) se posiciona como una estrategia esencial para promover competencias críticas, éticas y creativas en el manejo de medios y tecnologías. En América Latina, donde persisten brechas tecnológicas y desigualdades socioeconómicas, la AMI adquiere especial relevancia, particularmente en el ámbito de la educación superior.
Esta investigación doctoral busca desarrollar un modelo curricular innovador que integre la AMI y las competencias digitales (CDi) en la educación superior, tomando como caso de estudio a Ecuador y complementando el análisis con experiencias en El Salvador y Bolivia. El objetivo principal es fortalecer las capacidades mediáticas y digitales de estudiantes y docentes, fomentando su adaptación al entorno tecnológico contemporáneo y promoviendo el desarrollo profesional y social. El estudio responde a la carencia de formación específica en AMI y CDi en los currículos universitarios de la región, donde su presencia es limitada.
El marco teórico de esta investigación abarca conceptos fundamentales de la AMI y las CDi, explorando modelos internacionales como DIGCOMP, TPACK y las directrices de la UNESCO, adaptados al contexto latinoamericano, además, incluye un análisis de políticas públicas y modelos curriculares relevantes. Metodológicamente, se emplea un enfoque mixto (cuantitativo-cualitativo), longitudinal y no experimental. Se recopilaron datos de 14 universidades ecuatorianas, con la participación de 139 docentes y 1,091 estudiantes de programas de Los instrumentos utilizados fueron validados mediante el método Delphi y la prueba W de Kendall, garantizando confiabilidad y validez.
Los resultados del estudio evidencian un conocimiento medio o bajo en AMI y CDi entre docentes y estudiantes, así como deficiencias significativas en cinco de las seis dimensiones de la competencia mediática. Además, los currículos de las carreras de comunicación en Ecuador destinan solo un 13% de sus asignaturas a estos temas, reflejando una integración insuficiente. Se identificaron barreras como la falta de formación específica para docentes y recursos pedagógicos que limiten la incorporación de la AMI y las CDi en las prácticas educativas.
A partir de estos hallazgos, se desarrolló un modelo curricular fundamentado en principios pedagógicos innovadores. Este modelo propone la transversalidad de la AMI y las CDi en la educación superior, priorizando, estableciendo un sistema de contenidos para docentes y estudiantes, con el fin de fomentar competencias críticas, creativas y éticas mediante la integración de la AMI y las CDi, así cómo, procesos de gestión y evaluación crítica de la información, y el uso responsable de tecnologías.
La investigación concluye que este modelo curricular tiene el potencial de transformar los procesos educativos en América Latina, fortaleciendo los perfiles académicos y profesionales de estudiantes y docentes. Asimismo, se resalta la necesidad de políticas públicas que respalden la integración de la AMI, garantizando su impacto en la formación de ciudadanos críticos y responsables. Finalmente, el estudio aporta un marco teórico, metodológico y práctico adaptable a otros contextos de la región, contribuyendo al avance de la educación mediática y digital como una herramienta clave para el desarrollo sostenible y la inclusión social.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Technological growth and the proliferation of media have profoundly transformed the management, representation, and use of information, creating new opportunities and challenges. Among these challenges are disinformation, message overload, and the inadequate use of technological tools. In this context, Media and Information Literacy (MIL) emerges as an essential strategy to foster critical, ethical, and creative competencies in the management of media and technologies. In Latin America, where technological gaps and socioeconomic inequalities persist, MIL gains particular relevance, especially in the realm of higher education. This doctoral research aims to develop an innovative curricular model that integrates MIL and digital competencies (DC) into higher education, with Ecuador as the primary case study, complemented by experiences in El Salvador and Bolivia. The main objective is to strengthen the media and digital capacities of students and educators, promoting their adaptation to the contemporary technological environment and fostering professional and social development. The study addresses the lack of specific training in MIL and DC in university curricula in the region, where their presence remains limited. The theoretical framework of this research encompasses fundamental concepts of MIL and DC, exploring international models such as DIGCOMP, TPACK, and UNESCO guidelines, adapted to the Latin American context. Additionally, it includes an analysis of relevant public policies and curricular models. Methodologically, the study adopts a mixed approach (quantitative-qualitative), longitudinal, and non-experimental. Data were collected from 14 Ecuadorian universities, involving 139 educators and 1,091 communication students. The instruments used were validated through the Delphi method and Kendall’s W test, ensuring reliability and validity. The study’s findings reveal medium to low levels of knowledge in MIL and DC among educators and students, along with significant deficiencies in five of the six dimensions of media competence. Furthermore, communication degree curricula in Ecuador allocate only 13% of their courses to these topics, reflecting insufficient integration. Barriers were identified, such as the lack of specific training for educators and pedagogical resources, which hinder the incorporation of MIL and DC into educational practices. Based on these findings, a curricular model was developed, grounded in innovative pedagogical principles. This model advocates for the transversal integration of MIL and DC into higher education, prioritizing the establishment of content systems for educators and students to foster critical, creative, and ethical competencies. It also emphasizes processes for managing and critically evaluating information, as well as the responsible use of technologies. The research concludes that this curricular model has the potential to transform educational processes in Latin America, strengthening the academic and professional profiles of students and educators. Additionally, it highlights the need for public policies that support MIL integration, ensuring its impact on the formation of critical and responsible citizens. Finally, the study provides a theoretical, methodological, and practical framework that can be adapted to other regional contexts, contributing to the advancement of media and digital education as a key strategy for sustainable development and social inclusion.
Technological growth and the proliferation of media have profoundly transformed the management, representation, and use of information, creating new opportunities and challenges. Among these challenges are disinformation, message overload, and the inadequate use of technological tools. In this context, Media and Information Literacy (MIL) emerges as an essential strategy to foster critical, ethical, and creative competencies in the management of media and technologies. In Latin America, where technological gaps and socioeconomic inequalities persist, MIL gains particular relevance, especially in the realm of higher education. This doctoral research aims to develop an innovative curricular model that integrates MIL and digital competencies (DC) into higher education, with Ecuador as the primary case study, complemented by experiences in El Salvador and Bolivia. The main objective is to strengthen the media and digital capacities of students and educators, promoting their adaptation to the contemporary technological environment and fostering professional and social development. The study addresses the lack of specific training in MIL and DC in university curricula in the region, where their presence remains limited. The theoretical framework of this research encompasses fundamental concepts of MIL and DC, exploring international models such as DIGCOMP, TPACK, and UNESCO guidelines, adapted to the Latin American context. Additionally, it includes an analysis of relevant public policies and curricular models. Methodologically, the study adopts a mixed approach (quantitative-qualitative), longitudinal, and non-experimental. Data were collected from 14 Ecuadorian universities, involving 139 educators and 1,091 communication students. The instruments used were validated through the Delphi method and Kendall’s W test, ensuring reliability and validity. The study’s findings reveal medium to low levels of knowledge in MIL and DC among educators and students, along with significant deficiencies in five of the six dimensions of media competence. Furthermore, communication degree curricula in Ecuador allocate only 13% of their courses to these topics, reflecting insufficient integration. Barriers were identified, such as the lack of specific training for educators and pedagogical resources, which hinder the incorporation of MIL and DC into educational practices. Based on these findings, a curricular model was developed, grounded in innovative pedagogical principles. This model advocates for the transversal integration of MIL and DC into higher education, prioritizing the establishment of content systems for educators and students to foster critical, creative, and ethical competencies. It also emphasizes processes for managing and critically evaluating information, as well as the responsible use of technologies. The research concludes that this curricular model has the potential to transform educational processes in Latin America, strengthening the academic and professional profiles of students and educators. Additionally, it highlights the need for public policies that support MIL integration, ensuring its impact on the formation of critical and responsible citizens. Finally, the study provides a theoretical, methodological, and practical framework that can be adapted to other regional contexts, contributing to the advancement of media and digital education as a key strategy for sustainable development and social inclusion.














