Hearing loss in miners exposed to high noise levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the last 10 years

Abstract

Background: Mining workers are frequently exposed to noise levels exceeding recommended limits, leading to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), a major occupational disease worldwide. This study aimed to assess the relationship between miners’ hearing loss and exposure to high noise levels. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published between 2014 and 2024. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools were used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. Heterogeneity was calculated using the I2 index and publication bias using Egger’s test. Results: A total of 15 studies were included in this systematic review. 40% were conducted in African countries, with South Africa being the country with most studies. 80% of the studies made no mention of the type of mine, while only 20% specified whether they were open-pit or underground mines. 67% of the studies considered the age of the workers as a risk factor for Hearing Loss (HL), while 33% made no mention of this variable. Regarding the sex of the participants, 67% of the studies evaluated samples that included both men and women, 20% did not specify the sex of the subjects, and 13% only included men. Notably, in 33% of the studies, male sex was associated with an increased risk of HL. Conclusions: Findings highlight the need for extended rest periods, improved hearing monitoring, increased involvement of audiologists in noise control, and better training for miners on protective measures. These steps could help mitigate noise exposure and reduce HL among mining workers.