Mecanismos cognitivos en la toma de decisiones arriesgadas en consumidores de cannabis
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Abstract
Se exploraron las relaciones entre consumo de cannabis y los procesos
de toma de decisiones. Se empleó una versión informática de la Iowa
Gambling Task (programa Cartas) en sus versiones normal e inversa y
se aplicó el modelo Prospect Valence Learning (PVL) que caracteriza
el proceso de toma de decisiones en base a los parámetros: Recencia,
Consistencia, Aversión a las pérdidas y Regla de utilidad. Participaron
73 consumidores de cannabis y 73 no-consumidores como grupo
control.
En la versión normal el grupo control obtuvo mejores puntuaciones
que los consumidores. Ambos grupos se mostraron consistentes y con
aversión a las pérdidas. Los controles estuvieron más influenciados por
la frecuencia de las ganancias-pérdidas, mientras que los consumidores
por su magnitud. La influencia de las elecciones inmediatas fue mayor
en consumidores que presentaron un olvido rápido mientras que en
los controles fue gradual. En la versión inversa, la ejecución de la tarea
fue mejor en los controles. Ambos grupos mostraron consistencia,
aversión a las pérdidas, más influenciados por la magnitud de las
pérdidas-ganancias y con baja influencia de las elecciones inmediatas.
Los resultados mostraron las relaciones entre consumo de drogas y
el proceso de toma de decisiones, en consonancia con los obtenidos
en otros trabajos, donde consumidores presentan peores resultados
que controles, además, los parámetros del PVL nos permitieron
caracterizar adecuadamente la toma de decisiones. Esto confirma la
relación entre el consumo de drogas y la toma de decisiones, bien
por la vulnerabilidad previa al consumo, bien por la neurotoxicidad
de la drogas.
The relationship between the use of cannabis and the decisionmaking processes was explored. A computerized version of the Iowa Gambling Task (Cards Software) in its normal and reverse version was used, and the Prospect Valence Learning (PVL) model, which characterize the process of decision-making based on the parameters: Recency, Consistency, Loss aversion and Utility shape, was applied. Seventy-three cannabis consumers and a control group with 73 nonconsumers participated in the study. In the normal mode, subjects in the control group scored higher than cannabis consumers. Both groups showed consistent responses and aversion to loss. Nonconsumers showed greater influence of the gain-loss frequency, while consumers were more influenced by the magnitude of the gain-loss. The influence of immediate choices was higher among consumers who showed a quick oblivion while in the control group this process was more gradual. In the reverse mode, task performance was better among control group participants. Both groups showed consistency, loss aversion, more influenced by the magnitude of the gain-loss, and low influence of immediate elections. The results show the relationship between drug use and the decisionmaking processes, being consistent with the results obtained in other studies where consumers had worse results than control group. Moreover, the PVL parameters allow to adequately characterize decision-making. This confirms the relationship between drug use and decision-making by either the vulnerability prior to consumption or the neurotoxicity of drugs.
The relationship between the use of cannabis and the decisionmaking processes was explored. A computerized version of the Iowa Gambling Task (Cards Software) in its normal and reverse version was used, and the Prospect Valence Learning (PVL) model, which characterize the process of decision-making based on the parameters: Recency, Consistency, Loss aversion and Utility shape, was applied. Seventy-three cannabis consumers and a control group with 73 nonconsumers participated in the study. In the normal mode, subjects in the control group scored higher than cannabis consumers. Both groups showed consistent responses and aversion to loss. Nonconsumers showed greater influence of the gain-loss frequency, while consumers were more influenced by the magnitude of the gain-loss. The influence of immediate choices was higher among consumers who showed a quick oblivion while in the control group this process was more gradual. In the reverse mode, task performance was better among control group participants. Both groups showed consistency, loss aversion, more influenced by the magnitude of the gain-loss, and low influence of immediate elections. The results show the relationship between drug use and the decisionmaking processes, being consistent with the results obtained in other studies where consumers had worse results than control group. Moreover, the PVL parameters allow to adequately characterize decision-making. This confirms the relationship between drug use and decision-making by either the vulnerability prior to consumption or the neurotoxicity of drugs.
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Bibliographic citation
Alameda Bailén, J.R., Salguero Alcañiz, M.P., Merchán Clavellino, A., Paíno Quesada, S.: "Mecanismos cognitivos en la toma de decisiones arriesgadas en consumidores de cannabis". Adicciones. Vol. 26, nº 2, págs. 146-158, (2014). ISSN 0214-4840














