Influencia del precio de los cigarrillos en España: Un análisis de descomposición Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index desde 1957 hasta 2018.
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Abstract
Fundamentos: La elasticidad precio de los productos
de tabaco es un instrumento para minimizar su consumo.
Esta idea se basa en que, aunque el tabaco tiene una
naturaleza adictiva, un aumento en su precio provoca una
disminución en su consumo. Sin embargo, el precio no
es el único componente del consumo de tabaco estudiado
en la literatura. Algunos estudios incluyen la renta como
un componente explicativo del consumo de tabaco. Estos
estudios concluyen que la renta de las personas afecta positivamente
el consumo de tabaco.
Métodos: En este artículo, se analizaron los factores
que afectan al consumo de cigarrillos usando series
temporales desde 1957 hasta 2018 y aplicando el método
de descomposición LMDI (Logarithmic Mean Divisia
Index). La novedosa aplicación de este método al citado
conjunto de datos permitió verificar cómo de efectivas
han sido las políticas de precios que el gobierno ha implementado
para disminuir el consumo de cigarrillos.
Resultados: Los resultados sugieren que la renta de
las personas es un factor determinante que a veces anula
el efecto de las políticas cuando los gobiernos aumentan
el precio de los cigarrillos vía impuestos. Para reducir la
prevalencia de fumadores, el aumento en el precio del tabaco
debe considerar también el efecto de la renta de las
personas en el consumo, puesto que éstos a veces anulan
los efectos de políticas sanitarias consistentes en aumentar
el precio de los cigarrillos.
Conclusiones: Los gobiernos deben tener en cuenta
que la renta de las personas es un factor clave cuando se
aplican políticas de precio frente al tabaquismo.
Background: The price elasticity of tobacco emerges as an instrument for minimizing tobacco consumption, sustained by the idea that although tobacco has an addictive nature, an increase in its price causes a decrease in its consumption. However, the price is not the only component of tobacco consumption studied in the literature. Some studies include income as an explanatory component of tobacco consumption. These studies conclude that income affects tobacco consumption positively. Methods: In this paper, the factors that affect the consumption of cigarettes are measured for the Spanish market using time series data from 1957 to 2018 and by applying the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index LMDI method. The novel application of this method to this body of literature allows us to verify how effective the price policies that the government has implemented against the consumption of cigarettes have been. Results: Our results reveal that income is a determining factor that sometimes nullifies the effect of policies when governments increase the price of cigarettes by taxes. In order to reduce the prevalence of smokers, the increase in the price of tobacco must consider the effect of income on consumption, so that it does not cancel the effects of health policy. Conclusions: It is strongly recommended that tax authorities consider these results before applying antismoking policies. If the authorities do not do so, it is possible that they will not obtain the expected results in terms of minimized the cigarette consumption.
Background: The price elasticity of tobacco emerges as an instrument for minimizing tobacco consumption, sustained by the idea that although tobacco has an addictive nature, an increase in its price causes a decrease in its consumption. However, the price is not the only component of tobacco consumption studied in the literature. Some studies include income as an explanatory component of tobacco consumption. These studies conclude that income affects tobacco consumption positively. Methods: In this paper, the factors that affect the consumption of cigarettes are measured for the Spanish market using time series data from 1957 to 2018 and by applying the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index LMDI method. The novel application of this method to this body of literature allows us to verify how effective the price policies that the government has implemented against the consumption of cigarettes have been. Results: Our results reveal that income is a determining factor that sometimes nullifies the effect of policies when governments increase the price of cigarettes by taxes. In order to reduce the prevalence of smokers, the increase in the price of tobacco must consider the effect of income on consumption, so that it does not cancel the effects of health policy. Conclusions: It is strongly recommended that tax authorities consider these results before applying antismoking policies. If the authorities do not do so, it is possible that they will not obtain the expected results in terms of minimized the cigarette consumption.
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Bibliographic citation
Martín Álvarez, J. M., Almeida, A., Golpe Moya, A. A. & Vides González, J. C. ( 2021). Influencia del precio de los cigarrillos en España: Un análisis de descomposición Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index desde 1957 hasta 2018. Revista Española de Salud Pública; Vol. 95: e1-7.















