Efectos de las intervenciones digitales para mejorar la salud en niños y adolescentes: una revisión sistemática
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Abstract
Mantener un estilo de vida saludable se debe, en gran parte, a
realizar actividad física (AF) de manera regular. Recientemente, ha habido una
explosión en el uso de intervenciones digitales para mejorar los
comportamientos de salud. Objetivo: Examinar las intervenciones digitales y/o
acelerometría para aumentar la AF y prevenir conductas sedentarias, dieta no
saludable y/o problemas de sueño en niños y adolescentes dentro del ámbito
educativo. Método: El proceso de búsqueda fue desde enero de 2015 a mayo de
2020, identificando estudios en dos bases de datos (PubMed y Scopus). Los
criterios de inclusión fueron: investigaciones experimentales, edades entre 3-19
años, uso de medios digitales en la intervención (sms, mail, apps, webs) y analizar
la AF, los comportamientos sedentarios, la dieta y/o el sueño. Un total de 12
artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: 8 estudios mostraron
efectos significativos en los hábitos saludables analizados. Conclusiones: Las
intervenciones que utilizaron la tecnología digital y/o acelerometría fueron
beneficiosas para reducir conductas sedentarias, aumentar la AF y la dieta
saludable en niños y adolescentes. Se recomienda seguir con el estudio de
estrategias digitales para conseguir una mayor adherencia a los hábitos
saludables, a través de programas educativos de salud escolar, coordinación
efectiva y un mayor seguimiento a largo plazo en estos grupos de población
A healthy lifestyle is maintained, in great measure, by regular physical activity (PA). Recently, there has been an upsurge in the use of digital interventions to improve health behaviours. Aim: to examine digital and/or accelerometric interventions to increase PA and prevent sedentary behaviours, unhealthy diet and/or sleep disorders in children and adolescents in educational contexts. Method: the search process was from January 2015 to May 2020, identifying studies in two databases (PubMed and Scopus). The inclusion criteria were: experimental research, ages between 3-19 years, use of digital media in interventions (sms, mail, apps, websites) and analysis of PA, sedentary behaviour, diet and/or sleep. A total of 12 articles matched the inclusion criteria. Results: 8 studies showed significant effects on the healthy habits analysed. Conclusions: Interventions using digital technology and/or accelerometry were beneficial in reducing sedentary behaviours, increasing PA and healthy diet in children and adolescents. It is recommended to continue with the study of digital strategies to achieve greater adherence to healthy habits through school health education programmes, effective coordination and greater long-term follow-up in these population groups
A healthy lifestyle is maintained, in great measure, by regular physical activity (PA). Recently, there has been an upsurge in the use of digital interventions to improve health behaviours. Aim: to examine digital and/or accelerometric interventions to increase PA and prevent sedentary behaviours, unhealthy diet and/or sleep disorders in children and adolescents in educational contexts. Method: the search process was from January 2015 to May 2020, identifying studies in two databases (PubMed and Scopus). The inclusion criteria were: experimental research, ages between 3-19 years, use of digital media in interventions (sms, mail, apps, websites) and analysis of PA, sedentary behaviour, diet and/or sleep. A total of 12 articles matched the inclusion criteria. Results: 8 studies showed significant effects on the healthy habits analysed. Conclusions: Interventions using digital technology and/or accelerometry were beneficial in reducing sedentary behaviours, increasing PA and healthy diet in children and adolescents. It is recommended to continue with the study of digital strategies to achieve greater adherence to healthy habits through school health education programmes, effective coordination and greater long-term follow-up in these population groups







