¿Es el lenguaje (complejo) el resultado de una transferencia genética entre neandertales y humanos modernos?
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Abstract
La reciente constatación de ADN neandertal en determinadas
poblaciones humanas modernas sugiere un cruce
limitado entre ambas especies. Esta transferencia genética
pudo haber afectado a las capacidades cognitivas
de los neandertales y justificar, en particular, que hubiesen
tenido lenguaje moderno. Tal posibilidad se examina
a la luz de las propias evidencias genéticas, pero también
de las de tipo paleoantropológico y arqueológico utilizadas
habitualmente para tratar de inferir la presencia de
lenguaje en otras especies de homínidos. En conjunto,
dichas evidencias parecen sugerir que el lenguaje complejo
habría sido una adquisición exclusiva de los humanos
modernos. Ello es compatible, no obstante, con una
continuidad evolutiva de los diversos mecanismos biológicos
y cognitivos implicados en el procesamiento lingüístico
y en último término, con la presencia de algún
tipo de lenguaje, computacionalmente más simple, en los
neandertales.
The presence of Neanderthal DNA in some human genomes has been recently confirmed, and hence the feasibility of a (limited) interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans. We discuss if such a genetic transference could help to explain the cognitive profile of the formers, and particularly, if it could be used, along with other diverse lines of evidence (paleoanthropological and archaeological), to infer the possession of modern language by this species. Nevertheless, both the genetic data and the complementary evidences are suggestive of complex language plausibly being a human innovation. All the same, this possibility is still compatible with the evolutionary continuity of the diverse biological and cognitive devices that contribute to language processing and ultimately, with the possibility of Neanderthals being endowed with some kind of (less computationally complex) language.
The presence of Neanderthal DNA in some human genomes has been recently confirmed, and hence the feasibility of a (limited) interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans. We discuss if such a genetic transference could help to explain the cognitive profile of the formers, and particularly, if it could be used, along with other diverse lines of evidence (paleoanthropological and archaeological), to infer the possession of modern language by this species. Nevertheless, both the genetic data and the complementary evidences are suggestive of complex language plausibly being a human innovation. All the same, this possibility is still compatible with the evolutionary continuity of the diverse biological and cognitive devices that contribute to language processing and ultimately, with the possibility of Neanderthals being endowed with some kind of (less computationally complex) language.
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Bibliographic citation
Benítez Burraco, A.: "¿Es el lenguaje (complejo) el resultado de una transferencia genética entre neandertales y humanos modernos?". Trabajos de Prehistoria. Vol. 69, n. 2, págs. 212-231, (2012). ISSN 0082-5638












