Adolescencia, grupo de iguales y consumo de sustancias. Un estudio descriptivo y relacional
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Abstract
Con el objetivo de describir la frecuencia con la que chicos y chicas adolescentes
escolarizados de entre 15 y 18 años consumen diferentes sustancias y de analizar la
relación entre el tipo de amigos y tales consumos, se administró un cuestionario a
6821 chicos y chicas de todo el país. La muestra era representativa en cuanto a hábitat
(rural/urbano), tipo de escolarización (pública o privada-concertada) y zona geográfic
del país. Los resultados muestran que quienes consumen sustancias de uso frecuente en
nuestro contexto (alcohol, tabaco y cannabis) tienen amigos que también realizan estos
“consumos normativos”, mientras que quienes consumen sustancias infrecuentes (pega
mentos,
medicamentos, opiáceos) tienen amigos que, además de consumir esas mismas
sustancias, realizan conductas antisociales. Se discuten los datos argumentando que el
consumo de sustancias habituales en nuestra sociedad ha terminado formando parte de
un sistema más amplio de ritos de transición a la adultez, mientras que el consumo de
sustancias infrecuentes se revela como un indicador más de una posible vida marcada
por dificultades y problemas de diversa índole.
Our aim was to describe how frequently do 15 to 18 year old adolescents attending school engage in certain substance use, and to analyze the correspondence between this use behaviour and types of peers. A questionnaire was answered by 6,821 Spanish boys and girls. This was a representative sample regarding habitat (rural/urban), type of school attended (public or private) and country geographic area. Results show that adolescents who engage in the use of substances which are common within our context (alcohol, tobacco and cannabis) have friends who also engage in this “normative use” behaviour; whereas infrequent substance users (glue, medical drugs, opiates) have friends who not only engage in the use of these substances, but also in antisocial behaviour. Data is discussed arguing that the use of substances which are common in our society has ended up being part of a greater system of rites of passage to adulthood, whereas the use of non frequent substances could be seen as another indicator of a life possibly marked by different problems and adversity.
Our aim was to describe how frequently do 15 to 18 year old adolescents attending school engage in certain substance use, and to analyze the correspondence between this use behaviour and types of peers. A questionnaire was answered by 6,821 Spanish boys and girls. This was a representative sample regarding habitat (rural/urban), type of school attended (public or private) and country geographic area. Results show that adolescents who engage in the use of substances which are common within our context (alcohol, tobacco and cannabis) have friends who also engage in this “normative use” behaviour; whereas infrequent substance users (glue, medical drugs, opiates) have friends who not only engage in the use of these substances, but also in antisocial behaviour. Data is discussed arguing that the use of substances which are common in our society has ended up being part of a greater system of rites of passage to adulthood, whereas the use of non frequent substances could be seen as another indicator of a life possibly marked by different problems and adversity.
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Bibliographic citation
Inmaculada Sánchez-Queija, María del Carmen Moreno Rodríguez, María Victoria Muñoz Tinoco, Pedro Juan Pérez Moreno. Adolescencia, grupo de iguales y consumo de sustancias. Un estudio descriptivo racional. Apuntes de Psicología, ISSN 0213-3334, Vol. 25, Nº. 3, 2007, págs. 305-324.














