La Renta Básica Universal: elementos para su conceptualización y distinción de otras figuras

Abstract

Este artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir a la delimitación conceptual de la renta básica. En el debate actual sobre la crisis del estado del bienestar fundamentado sobre la entelequia del pleno empleo y las consecuentes dificultades de financiación del sistema público de pensiones, la instauración de una renta básica de ciudadanía de carácter individual, universal e incondicionado se perfila en el horizonte ante todo como una utopía, pero también como una posibilidad real de racionalizar el actual sistema de seguridad social, a cuyas prestaciones contributivas no sustituirían en ningún caso, mediante un sistema de transferencias sociales que permitiera acabar con la pobreza y la exclusión social

Basic income as an abstract concept to solve the growing cases of individuals and families at risk of social exclusion or even for all citizens simply by residing in a given country, is not an issue that can be easily implemented as it involves aspects not only social but also economic since ways would have to be determined in order to finance it. This work is based on the concept of basic income from its farthest background, in the sixteenth century, to then describe the characteristics that differentiate it from the other benefits that already exist to alleviate situations of need. These elements are individuality, universality and unconditionality in receiving it. Due to the characteristics of this figure, a study is carried out on possible financing of it as well as is linked to the notion of social protection floors of the ILO. Finally, the figure under study is compared with the different aids or benefits currently in place (unemployment assistance allowances, active insertion income and agricultural income, non-contributory benefits, minimum autonomic income and the new vital minimum incomde) to determine which traits differentiate it from each of them. In conclusion, it is proposed that a phased implementation be proposed starting with its absolutely unconditioned concession to people (almost exclusively women) who deal with the care tasks and other activities of support of the family home to subsequently include other groups and therefore eliminate the complex network of aids that exist today