Dificultades de los estudiantes de enfermería en el acompañamiento al final de la vida: estudio exploratorio cuantitativo.
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Abstract
Introducción: La mejora de los cuidados paliativos requieren del mismo modo
esfuerzos por parte del ámbito académico.Las vivencias y competencias que adquieran
los estudiantes de enfermería a lo largo de su formación pasarán a ser parte de sus
futuras conductas como profesionales. El desarrollo de competencias adecuadas hacia la
muerte podría evitar que los propios miedos e inquietudes de los futuros profesionales
influyan en el proceso de acompañamiento.
Objetivo: Estudiar el miedo, las actitudes y el afrontamiento ante la muerte de los
estudiantes de enfermería, así como su relación con diversas variables
sociodemográficas.
Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional en una muestra de 90
alumnos de 1° y 4° curso de la Facultad de Enfermería de Huelva. Se empleó la escala
de miedo ante la muerte, el cuestionario abreviado de actitudes hacia el cuidado de
personas al final de la vida y la escala modificada de afrontamiento ante la muerte, así
como un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos.
Resultados: Los estudiantes manifestaron niveles moderadamente altos de miedo a la
muerte, principalmente hacia la muerte de otros seguido del proceso de morir de uno
mismo. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos cursos respecto a las
actitudes y el miedo al proceso de morir propio, así como en el afrontamiento y el
miedo a la muerte en función de las creencias religiosas. Las personas que tenían
experiencias previas de afrontamiento presentaron menor miedo a la muerte de otros. Se
apreció una correlación positiva y significativa entre la edad y el afrontamiento y,
negativa con el miedo a la muerte.
Discusión/Conclusión: Los resultados se encuentran en consonancia con la literatura
existente. Se debe seguir estudiando la relación con algunas variables
sociodemográficas por no presentar resultados concluyentes. Es necesario la
implementación de programas desde el inicio de la formación académica que ayuden a
mejorar las herramientas para el afrontamiento, miedo y actitudes hacia el cuidado al
final de la vida.
Introduction: The improvement of palliative care also requires efforts on the part of the academic field. The experiences and competencies acquired by nursing students throughout their training will become part of their future behavior as professionals. The development of adequate competencies towards death could prevent the future professionals' own fears and concerns from influencing the process of accompaniment. Objective: To study the fear, attitudes and coping with death of nursing students, as well as their relationship with several sociodemographic variables. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study in a sample of 90 students in the 1st and 4th years of the Faculty of Nursing of Huelva. The fear of death scale, the abbreviated questionnaire of attitudes towards en-of-life care and the modified scale of coping with death were used, as well as a questionnaire of sociodemographic data. Results: Students manifested moderately high levels of fear of death, mainly towards the death of others followed by the process of dying of oneself. Significant differences were found between both courses with respect to attitudes and fear of one's own dying process, as well as in coping and fear of death as a function of religious beliefs. People who had previous experiences of coping had less fear of the death of others. There was a positive and significant correlation between age and coping and a negative correlation with fear of death. Discussion/Conclusions: The results are in agreement with existing literature. The relationship with some sociodemographic variables should be further studied because they do not present conclusive results. It is necessary to implement programs that help to improve the tools for coping, fear and attitudes towards end-of-life care, specially from the beginning of training.
Introduction: The improvement of palliative care also requires efforts on the part of the academic field. The experiences and competencies acquired by nursing students throughout their training will become part of their future behavior as professionals. The development of adequate competencies towards death could prevent the future professionals' own fears and concerns from influencing the process of accompaniment. Objective: To study the fear, attitudes and coping with death of nursing students, as well as their relationship with several sociodemographic variables. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study in a sample of 90 students in the 1st and 4th years of the Faculty of Nursing of Huelva. The fear of death scale, the abbreviated questionnaire of attitudes towards en-of-life care and the modified scale of coping with death were used, as well as a questionnaire of sociodemographic data. Results: Students manifested moderately high levels of fear of death, mainly towards the death of others followed by the process of dying of oneself. Significant differences were found between both courses with respect to attitudes and fear of one's own dying process, as well as in coping and fear of death as a function of religious beliefs. People who had previous experiences of coping had less fear of the death of others. There was a positive and significant correlation between age and coping and a negative correlation with fear of death. Discussion/Conclusions: The results are in agreement with existing literature. The relationship with some sociodemographic variables should be further studied because they do not present conclusive results. It is necessary to implement programs that help to improve the tools for coping, fear and attitudes towards end-of-life care, specially from the beginning of training.







