El uso de la autodirección en el control del proceso terapéutico en un caso de esquizofrenia
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Abstract
En este estudio se presenta el tratamiento psicológico de
un caso de esquizofrenia paranoide. El análisis inicial del paciente
pudo constatar una capacidad intelectiva adecuada,
preponderancia de sintomatología positiva y elevada conciencia
de enfermedad. El tratamiento consistió en el uso de la
reestructuración cognitiva (creencias irracionales asociadas a
los delirios), la exposición en vivo a estímulos temidos y
entrenamiento en habilidades sociales y de resolución de
problemas. Debido a las características del paciente, el proceso
terapéutico fue autodirigido por medio de un modelo de
autorregistro que favorecía la toma de decisiones por parte del
paciente y el control de su propia evolución. Los resultados
mostraron una reducción en los comportamientos-objetivos:
pensamientos negativos disfuncionales, conductas evitativas y
de comprobación. Esa reducción se pudo constatar tanto en la
evaluación post-tratamiento como en el seguimiento. Asimismo
disminuyó la sintomatología positiva, el nivel de depresión, las
conductas evitativas de carácter fóbico, la psicopatología general y aumentaron sus habilidades sociales. Estos resultados se
discuten de acuerdo con la idoneidad del uso de la autodirección
en algunos casos de psicosis en los que se pueda obseNar la
presencia de s{ntomas favorecedores para la autorregulación.
This paper presents the psychological treatment of a case of paranoid schizophrenia. The initial analysis of the palient could state an appreciable intelectual ability, prevalence of positive symptomatology and high conscience of disease. The treatment consisted of the use of the cognitive restructuring (irrational beliefs associated with the deliriums), in vivo exposure to phobic stimuli, and training in social skills and problems-solving. Due to the characteristics of the patient, the therapeutic process was selfguided by means of a model of self-obseNation that was favoring decisions taking and to control his progress. The results showed a reduction in the therapy targets: negative disfunctional thoughts, avoidance behaviors and checking behaviors. This reductíon could be verified both at post-treament phase and at follow-up. Besides, a decrease was also obseNed in positive symptoms, the level of depression, the avoidance-phobic cognitions, the general psychopathology symptoms, and an increase in his social skills. These results are discussed according to the adapted use of the self-direction in some cases of psychosis, when the presence of favouring symptoms for self-regulation can be obseNed.
This paper presents the psychological treatment of a case of paranoid schizophrenia. The initial analysis of the palient could state an appreciable intelectual ability, prevalence of positive symptomatology and high conscience of disease. The treatment consisted of the use of the cognitive restructuring (irrational beliefs associated with the deliriums), in vivo exposure to phobic stimuli, and training in social skills and problems-solving. Due to the characteristics of the patient, the therapeutic process was selfguided by means of a model of self-obseNation that was favoring decisions taking and to control his progress. The results showed a reduction in the therapy targets: negative disfunctional thoughts, avoidance behaviors and checking behaviors. This reductíon could be verified both at post-treament phase and at follow-up. Besides, a decrease was also obseNed in positive symptoms, the level of depression, the avoidance-phobic cognitions, the general psychopathology symptoms, and an increase in his social skills. These results are discussed according to the adapted use of the self-direction in some cases of psychosis, when the presence of favouring symptoms for self-regulation can be obseNed.







