El consumo de tabaco en el alumnado español pre-adolescente y adolescente : diferencias de género
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Abstract
Este trabajo tiene como propósito describir la prevalencia del
consumo de tabaco entre los pre-adolescentes y adolescentes
escolarizados en España a comienzos del siglo XXI.
Los datos han sido recogidos en el marco del estudio
“Estilos de Vida de los Adolescentes
Escolarizados” (EVAE),
una investigación de ámbito estatal de diseño transversal. La
muestra es aleatoria y está compuesta por 8.429 alumnos de
10 a 18 años (49,9% chicos y 50,1% chicas). Se ha utilizado un
cuestionario anónimo cumplimentado por los alumnos en sus
propias aulas.
En el alumnado de 12 años una proporción significativamente
mayor de alumnos varones
que de alumnas ha fumado alguna
vez tabaco. En el alumnado de 14 o más años, más chicas que
chicos han fumado alguna vez tabaco. Entre los 12 y los 14
años se incrementa en 40 puntos el porcentaje de alumnas
que han consumido experimentalmente tabaco.
Las tasas de fumadores diarios superan el 10% en ambos
géneros a partir de los 14 años, con cifras significativamente
mayores entre las chicas que entre los chicos en los grupos
de edad de 15 ó más años. En el alumnado de 17 años, el 25%
de los chicos y el 35% de las chicas se manifiestan fumadores
diarios.
La experiencia histórica reciente de España y de otros
países muestra que es posible reducir significativamente en
pocos años la prevalencia del consumo de tabaco entre los
escolares.
La prevención primaria del tabaquismo adolescente
puede ser realmente efectiva y debe constituir una prioridad
para el sistema sanitario, el sistema educativo y los otros
sectores implicados.
This paper aims to describe the prevalence of tobacco consumption among pre-adolescent and adolescent school children in Spain at the start of the 21st century. The data were collected within the framework of the “Estilos de Vida de los Adolescentes Escolarizados” (EVAE) project, a nationwide cross-sectional study on the lifestyles of adolescent school children. In this study, a random sample of 8,429 students aged from 10 to 18 years old (49.9% boys and 50.1% girls) was selected. The school children filled in an anonymous questionnaire in their classrooms. Among the 12-year-old age group, there are a significantly higher number of boys than girls who have ever smoked tobacco. Figures are higher for girls in the 14-year-old or older age groups. Between the 12 and the 14-year-old age groups, there is an increase of 40 percentage points for girls who have ever smoked tobacco. The prevalence of daily smoking exceeds 10% among the 14-year-old or older age groups, with significantly higher rates for girls than for boys among the 15-year-old group and older students. Among the 17-year-old group, 25% of boys and 35% of girls report that they smoke daily. The recent experience of Spain and other countries shows that it is possible to significantly reduce the prevalence of tobacco consumption among school children within a few years. The primary prevention of tobacco consumption among adolescents can be highly effective and should constitute a priority for the health system, the education system and other sectors involved.
This paper aims to describe the prevalence of tobacco consumption among pre-adolescent and adolescent school children in Spain at the start of the 21st century. The data were collected within the framework of the “Estilos de Vida de los Adolescentes Escolarizados” (EVAE) project, a nationwide cross-sectional study on the lifestyles of adolescent school children. In this study, a random sample of 8,429 students aged from 10 to 18 years old (49.9% boys and 50.1% girls) was selected. The school children filled in an anonymous questionnaire in their classrooms. Among the 12-year-old age group, there are a significantly higher number of boys than girls who have ever smoked tobacco. Figures are higher for girls in the 14-year-old or older age groups. Between the 12 and the 14-year-old age groups, there is an increase of 40 percentage points for girls who have ever smoked tobacco. The prevalence of daily smoking exceeds 10% among the 14-year-old or older age groups, with significantly higher rates for girls than for boys among the 15-year-old group and older students. Among the 17-year-old group, 25% of boys and 35% of girls report that they smoke daily. The recent experience of Spain and other countries shows that it is possible to significantly reduce the prevalence of tobacco consumption among school children within a few years. The primary prevention of tobacco consumption among adolescents can be highly effective and should constitute a priority for the health system, the education system and other sectors involved.
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Bibliographic citation
Mendoza Berjano, R., López Pérez, P.: "El consumo de tabaco en el alumnado español pre-adolescente y adolescente : diferencias de género". Adicciones. Vol. 19, n. 4, págs. 341-355, (2007). ISSN 0214-4840











