Determinación de la intensidad y el gasto calórico de la actividad física durante el recreo escolar en niños y niñas de primaria
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Abstract
La obesidad infantil y el sobrepeso son un problema mundial de salud
pública. La actividad física (AF) durante el recreo escolar puede ayudar
a disminuir este problema. Por ello, el objetivo principal del estudio fue
conocer el gasto calórico y la intensidad de las actividades físicas que se
realizan durante el tiempo de recreo escolar en los niños y las niñas de
primaria. Participaron 212 alumnos de nivel primaria de 4, 5 y 6 año (110
niños y 102 niñas) de diferentes escuelas de Ciudad Juárez (Chihuahua,
México). El tiempo, la cantidad y la intensidad de la AF durante el recreo
se registró por acelerometría. Se registraron además el peso, la estatura,
la presión arterial y se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC). La
capacidad aerobia se estimó por medio del test de course navette. Los
resultados mostraron que el IMC promedio de 19.8 de los niños se
encuentra en el rango de sobrepeso, el IMC promedio de las niñas de
19.5 se encuentra en la clasificación de normal. El consumo de oxígeno
máximo fue diferente entre los grupos, mayor en los niños, pero ambos se
encuentran dentro de los parámetros saludables. Las niñas y los niños
tienen afinidad por actividades de distinta intensidad durante el recreo,
mayor porcentaje de tiempo de AF ligera en niñas y mayor porcentaje
de tiempo de AF moderada en niños. A pesar de ello, el gasto calórico
en el recreo no presentó diferencia significativa entre los niños y niñas
Childhood obesity and overweight are a global public health problem. Physical activity (PA) during school recess can help decrease this problem. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to know caloric use and the intensity of the physical activities that are carried out during the school recess in primary school children. 212 primary students of 4, 5 and 6 years (110 boys and 102 girls) from different schools of Ciudad Juárez (Chihuahua, Mexico) participated. Time, quantity and intensity of PA during the recess was recorded by accelerometry. Weight, height and blood pressure was also recorded and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The aerobic capacity was estimated through the course navette test. The results showed that the average BMI of 19.8 boys were in the range of overweight, the average BMI of 19.5 girls were in the normal classification. The maximum oxygen consumption was different between the groups, higher in the boys, but both are within the health parameters. Boys and girls have affinity for activities of different intensity during the recess, girls have a higher percentage of light PA time and boys have a higher percentage of moderate PA time. In spite of this the caloric expenditure during the recess did not show a significative difference between boys and girls.
Childhood obesity and overweight are a global public health problem. Physical activity (PA) during school recess can help decrease this problem. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to know caloric use and the intensity of the physical activities that are carried out during the school recess in primary school children. 212 primary students of 4, 5 and 6 years (110 boys and 102 girls) from different schools of Ciudad Juárez (Chihuahua, Mexico) participated. Time, quantity and intensity of PA during the recess was recorded by accelerometry. Weight, height and blood pressure was also recorded and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The aerobic capacity was estimated through the course navette test. The results showed that the average BMI of 19.8 boys were in the range of overweight, the average BMI of 19.5 girls were in the normal classification. The maximum oxygen consumption was different between the groups, higher in the boys, but both are within the health parameters. Boys and girls have affinity for activities of different intensity during the recess, girls have a higher percentage of light PA time and boys have a higher percentage of moderate PA time. In spite of this the caloric expenditure during the recess did not show a significative difference between boys and girls.







