Diferencias neuroanatómicas y funcionales entre razonamiento numérico y cálculo: evidencia de doble disociación
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Abstract
El sistema de Procesamiento
Numérico y Cálculo (PNC) está compuesto por
distintos elementos que funcionan de manera
independiente. Objetivo: determinar las relaciones
entre el razonamiento numérico y el cálculo.
Pacientes y método: se evalúa el razonamiento
numérico y el cálculo en dos pacientes con daño
cerebral adquirido. Primero, una paciente con
lesión frontal que presenta disfunción ejecutiva
y segundo, un paciente con lesión perisilviana
del hemisferio izquierdo y alteraciones en la
producción del lenguaje. Resultados: el paciente
con alteraciones lingüísticas es capaz de resolver
problemas y razonar con números, sin embargo
no puede realizar operaciones aritméticas
simples si se le presentan de manera aislada, ni
en forma oral ni escrita. Por otro lado, en el caso
de daño frontal se observa el patrón inverso. Esta
paciente realiza las tareas de cálculo de manera
aislada o abstracta, tanto en forma oral como
escrita, incluso realizando procedimientos de
llevarse, pero no puede resolver problemas de
razonamiento numérico simples. Discusión: el
razonamiento numérico, es decir, la resolución
de problemas mediante el uso de símbolos
numéricos, es independiente de la realización de
operaciones aritméticas de forma aislada o fuera
de contexto, en abstracto. Estos resultados pueden
ser explicados desde los modelos actuales.
Number processing and calculation system are composed by different elements that work independently. Objective: The objective is to determine relationship between number reasoning and calculation. The numerical reasoning and the calculation is evaluated in two patients with cerebral acquired damage. Patients and method: On one hand, a patient with frontal injury of left hemisphere that presents executive disfunction and on the other hand, a patient with injury of perisilvian area of the left hemisphere that presents alterations in the production of the oral language. Results: the patient with linguistic alterations is capable of solving problems and of reasoning with numbers, nevertheless he cannot execute simple arithmetical operations isolated (not in oral form not written). On the other hand, patient of frontal damage executes calculation isolated or abstract, both in oral and written form, even realizing procedures of taking, but she cannot solve problems of reasoning numerical simple. Discussion: number reasoning, that is, the resolution of problems by the use of numerical symbols, and isolated calculation work independently. These results can be explained from the actual processing number and calculation models.
Number processing and calculation system are composed by different elements that work independently. Objective: The objective is to determine relationship between number reasoning and calculation. The numerical reasoning and the calculation is evaluated in two patients with cerebral acquired damage. Patients and method: On one hand, a patient with frontal injury of left hemisphere that presents executive disfunction and on the other hand, a patient with injury of perisilvian area of the left hemisphere that presents alterations in the production of the oral language. Results: the patient with linguistic alterations is capable of solving problems and of reasoning with numbers, nevertheless he cannot execute simple arithmetical operations isolated (not in oral form not written). On the other hand, patient of frontal damage executes calculation isolated or abstract, both in oral and written form, even realizing procedures of taking, but she cannot solve problems of reasoning numerical simple. Discussion: number reasoning, that is, the resolution of problems by the use of numerical symbols, and isolated calculation work independently. These results can be explained from the actual processing number and calculation models.














