Factors Affecting Sick Leave Duration for Non-Work-Related Temporary Disabilities in Brazilian University Public Servants

Abstract

Sickness absenteeism in public institutions compromises the execution of services, and may also generate direct impacts on the population that receives coverage. To determine if sick leave duration for temporary disabilities is associated with non-work-related illnesses (NWRI), a historical cohort study was carried out of workers at a Brazilian University. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was obtained from the most prevalent diagnoses in each expert examination and from the corresponding days of sick leave per episode, adjusting simple and multiple Cox regression models. As a result, 70% of the NWRI temporary disabilities were due to depressive disorders, convalescence, and dorsalgia with a sick leave duration between 4 and 320 days. The factors of protection for sick leave durations until the rehabilitation were non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Long-term sick leaves were observed in the cases that required rehabilitation of those workers diagnosed with recurrent depressive disorders, conjunctivitis, acute sinusitis, skin disorders, calculus of kidney and ureter, abdominal and pelvic pain, and same-level fall accidents. It is also worth noting that even in a disease that can justify long-term sick leaves, such as breast cancer, the duration may be shorter according to the worker’s capacity and self-efficacy.