La inversión directa estadounidense en el sur de Europa. El papel de las variables institucionales (1966-2014)
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Abstract
En este artículo se analiza el comportamiento de la inversión directa estadounidense
en el Sur de Europa (1966-2014), atendiendo a variables institucionales
que sirven para explicar el mismo. Para ello se utiliza un modelo que
pone en relación la rentabilidad anual de las inversiones, medida ésta a partir
del Return On Assets (ROA) gap, con la economía y el régimen político de los
PIGS, además de contar con la incidencia de los cambios metodológicos en la
estructura. Los resultados confirman cómo la influencia del régimen político
parece menor que, por ejemplo, la expectativa de entrada a instituciones supranacionales
como las Comunidades Europeas. La inexistencia de patrones
comunes al estimar el modelo para países de Europa del Sur –durante dictaduras,
transiciones y democracias– prueba la complejidad que esconden
las motivaciones de la inversión directa extranjera (IDE), mientras el caso de
España resulta significativo por su originalidad
This article analyzes the behavior of U.S. Direct Investment in Southern Europe (1966-2014), paying particular attention to the institutional variables. We use a model that connects the annual investment returns, measured through the Return on Assets (ROA) gap, with the economy and the political regimes of the PIGS, and also considering the impact of methodological changes in the model structure. The results support that the political conditions were less important than other factors as, for instance, the expectations to become members of supranational institutions like the European Communities. Within the absence of common patterns when checking the model estimates for Southern European countries –through dictatorships, transitional periods or democracies–, it remains clear the complexity of the motivations that guide the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), whereas Spain appears as a peculiar case
This article analyzes the behavior of U.S. Direct Investment in Southern Europe (1966-2014), paying particular attention to the institutional variables. We use a model that connects the annual investment returns, measured through the Return on Assets (ROA) gap, with the economy and the political regimes of the PIGS, and also considering the impact of methodological changes in the model structure. The results support that the political conditions were less important than other factors as, for instance, the expectations to become members of supranational institutions like the European Communities. Within the absence of common patterns when checking the model estimates for Southern European countries –through dictatorships, transitional periods or democracies–, it remains clear the complexity of the motivations that guide the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), whereas Spain appears as a peculiar case







