Percepción de usuarios de los Programas de Tratamiento con Metadona sobre la accesibilidad y atención recibida de los equipos terapéuticos
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Abstract
Fundamento: Se explora la atención y cobertura terapéutica
prestada desde los Centros de atención al Tratamiento de las
toxicomanías de dos ciudades españolas desde la perspectiva
de sus usuarios de los Tratamientos con Metadona (TM). Se
pretenden ofrecer claves de cómo orientar el TM para su mejora
en la prevención de recaídas y abandonos prematuros, y facilitar
la reinserción de sus pacientes.
Métodos: Estudio exploratorio, cualitativo, que recoge información
a través de una entrevista semi-estructurada a 30 usuarios
de los TM en Barcelona y Granada
Resultados: La atención prestada por los equipos terapéuticos
queda articulada sobre 3 pilares: médico, psicológico y
social. La centralidad de la figura de los médicos en los discursos
de los pacientes, refleja el papel principal de la metadona y
su prescripción. Casi el 60% ha visitado en los últimos 3 meses
al profesional de medicina, reduciéndose esta cifra al 22% para
el caso el caso de la psicología y un 6% con trabajo social. Los
usuarios expresan la falta de una evaluación global e individualizada
de la integración social, la escasez de recursos (vivienda,
empleo y formación, necesidades básicas) adaptados a las
necesidades particulares y la falta de implicación de las familias,
donde el papel de psicólogos y trabajadores sociales podría ser
mayor al actual.
Conclusiones: A pesar de los resultados positivos obtenidos
de los TM, su principal limitación es la falta de una intervención
integral a las necesidades individuales de los pacientes. Fortalecer
el papel de la intervención psicológica y social, se convierte
en requisitos imprescindibles para avanzar en la rehabilitación y
reinserción
Background: This study explores the type of care and the therapeutic treatment provided at drug treatment centres located in two Spanish cities, as perceived by methadone treatment (MT) users. It provides key aspects to improve the ability of MT programmes to prevent relapses and premature discharges from treatment, and to facilitate users’ social reintegration. Methods: Exploratory qualitative study based on semistructured interviews among 30 MT programme users in the cities of Barcelona and Granada. Results: The care provided by therapeutic teams relies on 3 main intervention areas: medical, psychological and social care. The central role attributed to the physicians in users’ discourses reflects the relevance assigned to the methadone and to its medical prescription. Almost 60% of users had visited their prescribing doctor at least once in the previous three months, 22% their psychologist, and only 6% their social worker. Users interviewed mentioned the absence of a comprehensive and individualized assessment of their social integration, the lack of resources adapted to their individual needs (housing, employment, training and basic needs), and the lack of family implication where they felt that psychologists and social workers could play a much more relevant role than at present. Conclusions: Despite the generally positive outcomes of the MT, its main limitation lies in the lack of a comprehensive approach to users’ individual needs. Strengthening biopsychosocial intervention emerges as an essential prerequisite to progress towards users’ rehabilitation and reinsertion.
Background: This study explores the type of care and the therapeutic treatment provided at drug treatment centres located in two Spanish cities, as perceived by methadone treatment (MT) users. It provides key aspects to improve the ability of MT programmes to prevent relapses and premature discharges from treatment, and to facilitate users’ social reintegration. Methods: Exploratory qualitative study based on semistructured interviews among 30 MT programme users in the cities of Barcelona and Granada. Results: The care provided by therapeutic teams relies on 3 main intervention areas: medical, psychological and social care. The central role attributed to the physicians in users’ discourses reflects the relevance assigned to the methadone and to its medical prescription. Almost 60% of users had visited their prescribing doctor at least once in the previous three months, 22% their psychologist, and only 6% their social worker. Users interviewed mentioned the absence of a comprehensive and individualized assessment of their social integration, the lack of resources adapted to their individual needs (housing, employment, training and basic needs), and the lack of family implication where they felt that psychologists and social workers could play a much more relevant role than at present. Conclusions: Despite the generally positive outcomes of the MT, its main limitation lies in the lack of a comprehensive approach to users’ individual needs. Strengthening biopsychosocial intervention emerges as an essential prerequisite to progress towards users’ rehabilitation and reinsertion.
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Bibliographic citation
March Cerdá, J.C., Martín Ruiz, E., Oviedo Joekes, E., Rivadeneira Sicilia, A., Rodríguez Reinado, C.: "Percepción de usuarios de los Programas de Tratamiento con Metadona sobre la accesibilidad y atención recibida de los equipos terapéuticos". Adicciones. Vol. 18, n. 4, p. 359-370 (2006). ISSN 0214-4840














