Conocimiento especializado de un profesor de Educación Infantil para la enseñanza de cuerpos geométricos
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Abstract
El interés por el conocimiento del profesor de Educación Infantil constituye una línea de investigación
incipiente. Para colaborar con los avances en esa línea, nuestro objetivo de investigación es describir e
interpretar el conocimiento especializado de un profesor de Educación Infantil para la enseñanza de
cuerpos geométricos. Efectuamos una revisión de los trabajos previos sobre el conocimiento del profesor
de Educación Infantil respecto de la enseñanza de las matemáticas y reflexionamos sobre la pertinencia
de los modelos teóricos existentes, justificando por qué optamos finalmente por el modelo Mathematics
Teacher’s Specialised Knowledge (MTSK) para dar sustento teórico a esta investigación.
Enfocamos este estudio con un paradigma interpretativo y un diseño de investigación coincidente con un
estudio de caso instrumental. Nuestro informante es José (seudónimo), un profesor de Educación Infantil
en activo con más de una década de experiencia, cuyo interés por mejorar su práctica le llevó a realizar
formación específica en Didáctica de las Matemáticas. Los instrumentos de recogida de información
utilizados son ocho observaciones de aula no participante (grabadas en vídeo) y cinco entrevistas
semiestructuradas.
Nuestro estudio de caso, además de proporcionarnos interesantes y valiosos datos con respecto al
conocimiento especializado del profesor de Infantil, nos ofrece la oportunidad de reflexionar sobre la
validez del modelo MTSK para esta etapa, ya que éste ha sido creado a partir de estudios realizados con
profesores de Primaria y Secundaria. Como punto de partida para analizar la información utilizamos el
conjunto de dominios, subdominios y categorías del modelo MTSK (Carrillo et al., 2018), junto a la
reflexión y adaptación del modelo para la etapa de Infantil presentado en Muñoz-Catalán et al. (2022).
Los resultados evidencian que el modelo MTSK es válido para la etapa de Infantil, aunque estos ponen de relieve la limitación de la caracterización de algunos de los subdominios del dominio de conocimiento
matemático (MK) para identificar y expresar aspectos idiosincrásicos del conocimiento del profesor de
Infantil, algo que ya intuían trabajos como el de Muñoz-Catalán et al. (2022). De esta forma, desde nuestro
trabajo proponemos una aproximación a la caracterización del conocimiento especializado del profesor de Educación Infantil sobre la enseñanza de cuerpos geométricos, que ha supuesto la emergencia de algunas subcategorías que recogieran aspectos idiosincrásicos de dicho conocimiento. En particular, los datos han revelado el papel tan importante que tiene el conocimiento del profesor sobre el lenguaje en esta etapa para la construcción del conocimiento del alumno, que ha influido decisivamente en dicha propuesta. En este trabajo se refleja la complejidad del conocimiento del profesor de Educación Infantil, resaltando la importancia de los dominios conocimiento de los temas y conocimiento de las prácticas matemáticas, que han respaldado mayoritariamente las decisiones tomadas en su aula, lo que reafirma la necesidad de un sólido conocimiento especializado en el dominio matemático de estos profesionales.
The interest in the knowledge of the Early Childhood Education teacher is an incipient line of research. To collaborate with the advances in this line, our research objective is to describe and interpret the specialized knowledge of an Early Childhood Education teacher when teaching geometric solids. We review the previous work of the knowledge of the Early Childhood Education teacher regarding the teaching of mathematics and reflect on the relevance of the existing theoretical models, justifying why we finally opted for the Mathematics Teacher’s Specialised Knowledge (MTSK) model to give theoretical support to this research. We approach this study with an interpretative paradigm and a research design coinciding with an instrumental case study. Our informant is José (pseudonym), an active Early Childhood Education teacher with more than a decade of experience at this stage, whose interest in improving his classroom practice led him to receive specific training in Mathematics Didactics. The information collection instruments used were eight non-participant classroom observations (video recordings) and five semi-structured interviews. Our case study, in addition to providing us with interesting and valuable data regarding the specialised knowledge of the Early Childhood Education teacher, offers us the opportunity to reflect on the validity of the MTSK model at this stage, inasmuch as it has been created from studies carried out with Primary and Secondary school teachers. As a starting point to analyze the information, we use the MTSK model domains, subdomains and categories (Carrillo et al., 2018), together with the reflection and adaptation of the model for the childhood stage presented in Muñoz-Catalán et al. (2022). The results show that the MTSK model is valid for the childhood stage, although these highlight the limitation of the characterization of some of the Mathematical knowledge domain (MK) subdomains to identify and express idiosyncratic aspects of the knowledge of the Early Childhood teacher, something that were already sensed by works like Muñoz-Catalán et al. (2022). In this way, from our work we propose an approach to the specialized knowledge of the Early Childhood Education teacher characterization when teaching geometric solids, which has meant the emergence of some subcategories that collect idiosyncratic aspects of this knowledge. In particular, the data have revealed that teacher’s knowledge about language at this stage plays an important role on the construction of student knowledge, which has decisively influenced this proposal. This paper reflects the complexity of the knowledge of the Early Childhood Education teacher, highlighting the importance of the knowledge domains of the topics and mathematical practices knowledge, which have supported mostly the decisions made in their classroom, this reaffirms the need for a solid specialised knowledge in the mathematical domain of these professionals.
The interest in the knowledge of the Early Childhood Education teacher is an incipient line of research. To collaborate with the advances in this line, our research objective is to describe and interpret the specialized knowledge of an Early Childhood Education teacher when teaching geometric solids. We review the previous work of the knowledge of the Early Childhood Education teacher regarding the teaching of mathematics and reflect on the relevance of the existing theoretical models, justifying why we finally opted for the Mathematics Teacher’s Specialised Knowledge (MTSK) model to give theoretical support to this research. We approach this study with an interpretative paradigm and a research design coinciding with an instrumental case study. Our informant is José (pseudonym), an active Early Childhood Education teacher with more than a decade of experience at this stage, whose interest in improving his classroom practice led him to receive specific training in Mathematics Didactics. The information collection instruments used were eight non-participant classroom observations (video recordings) and five semi-structured interviews. Our case study, in addition to providing us with interesting and valuable data regarding the specialised knowledge of the Early Childhood Education teacher, offers us the opportunity to reflect on the validity of the MTSK model at this stage, inasmuch as it has been created from studies carried out with Primary and Secondary school teachers. As a starting point to analyze the information, we use the MTSK model domains, subdomains and categories (Carrillo et al., 2018), together with the reflection and adaptation of the model for the childhood stage presented in Muñoz-Catalán et al. (2022). The results show that the MTSK model is valid for the childhood stage, although these highlight the limitation of the characterization of some of the Mathematical knowledge domain (MK) subdomains to identify and express idiosyncratic aspects of the knowledge of the Early Childhood teacher, something that were already sensed by works like Muñoz-Catalán et al. (2022). In this way, from our work we propose an approach to the specialized knowledge of the Early Childhood Education teacher characterization when teaching geometric solids, which has meant the emergence of some subcategories that collect idiosyncratic aspects of this knowledge. In particular, the data have revealed that teacher’s knowledge about language at this stage plays an important role on the construction of student knowledge, which has decisively influenced this proposal. This paper reflects the complexity of the knowledge of the Early Childhood Education teacher, highlighting the importance of the knowledge domains of the topics and mathematical practices knowledge, which have supported mostly the decisions made in their classroom, this reaffirms the need for a solid specialised knowledge in the mathematical domain of these professionals.














