La medición de la felicidad en el trabajo y sus antecedentes : un estudio empírico en el area de alergología de los hospitales públicos españoles
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Abstract
La búsqueda de la felicidad en el trabajo es un objetivo de enorme importancia para
muchas personas y organizaciones. Sin embargo, existe una carencia importante la
investigación acerca de cómo aumentarla (Chivato Pérez et al., 2011), así como una
amplia dispersión de medidas relacionadas (Hackman, 2009). No se conoce ninguna
medida que recoja con la suficiente amplitud la medición de la felicidad en el
trabajo (Fisher, 2010), por lo que en este estudio proponemos un modelo integrativo
que nos aporte la medida de este nuevo constructo. Proponemos que la felicidad en
el trabajo se compone de tres constructos ya consolidados en la literatura. La primera
hipótesis de esta investigación es que la felicidad en el trabajo es la variable latente
que tiene como variables explicativas el compromiso individual, la satisfacción laboral
y el compromiso organizativo afectivo. Nuestro modelo analizará cómo mejorar
la felicidad en el trabajo en un contexto intensivo en conocimiento, como es el de los
médicos españoles especialistas en alergología, para lo que se considerará el papel del
liderazgo transformacional como variable explicativa. Nuestra segunda hipótesis será
que el liderazgo transformacional tiene un efecto directo y positivo sobre la felicidad
en el trabajo. Además, valoraremos el papel mediador de la capacidad de aprendizaje
organizativo de esa relación, por lo que nuestra tercera hipótesis afirmará que la capacidad de aprendizaje organizativo tiene un efecto mediador en la relación
entre el liderazgo transformacional y la felicidad en el trabajo. Utilizando modelos de
ecuaciones estructurales, mostraremos que los resultados confirman las tres hipótesis, es
decir, que la felicidad en el trabajo puede medirse de la forma propuesta, alcanzando
una excelente capacidad explicativa, que el liderazgo transformacional tiene un efecto
directo y positivo sobre la felicidad en el trabajo y que la capacidad de aprendizaje
organizativo explica mejor la relación entre el liderazgo transformacional y la felicidad
en el trabajo que si sólo consideramos la relación directo de estas dos últimas variables.
Los resultados, por tanto, van a permitir sugerir que las organizaciones deberían
reconsiderar el papel del liderazgo transformacional y del aprendizaje organizativo
para mejorar la gestión de los recursos humanos en las organizaciones de servicios
públicos del sector sanitario, especialmente afectadas por el síndrome del burn-out
(Chivato Pérez et al., 2011), dadas las importantes implicaciones que la mejora de la
calidad de vida en el trabajo puede tener en este sector.
The pursuit of happiness at work is particularly interesting for many people and even for organisations. However, there is a significant lack of research on its antecedents (Chivato Pérez et al., 2011), and a wide dispersion of related measures ( Hackman , 2009). In fact, there is a need to find a more accurate measure for happiness at work ( Fisher, 2010 ), and in our research aim to achieve it. Thus, we propose that happiness at work is composed of three constructs already established in the literature leading to our first hypothesis: happiness at work is the latent variable which is composed by individual commitment , job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment. Our model will analyze how to improve happiness at work in a knowledge-intensive context, the medical staff working in allergy units of Spanish public hospitals, which has special interest for research, considering the role of transformational leadership as an explanatory variable. Our second hypothesis is that transformational leadership has a direct and positive effect on happiness at work. In addition, we assess the mediating role of organizational learning capability between the relationship of transformational leadership and happiness at work, so our third hypothesis is: the organizational learning capability has a mediating effect on the relationship between transformational leadership and happiness at work. Using structural equation modeling, we show that results confirm the three hypotheses: happiness at work can be measured thorugh tat new construct, reaching an excellent explanatory power, transformational leadership has a direct and positive effect on happiness at work and organisational learning capability explains better the relationship between transformational leadership and happiness at work than if we only consider the direct relationship between these two variables. Results suggest that organisations should reconsider the role of transformational leadership and organizational learning capability to improve human resource management in public service organizations in the healthcare sector
The pursuit of happiness at work is particularly interesting for many people and even for organisations. However, there is a significant lack of research on its antecedents (Chivato Pérez et al., 2011), and a wide dispersion of related measures ( Hackman , 2009). In fact, there is a need to find a more accurate measure for happiness at work ( Fisher, 2010 ), and in our research aim to achieve it. Thus, we propose that happiness at work is composed of three constructs already established in the literature leading to our first hypothesis: happiness at work is the latent variable which is composed by individual commitment , job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment. Our model will analyze how to improve happiness at work in a knowledge-intensive context, the medical staff working in allergy units of Spanish public hospitals, which has special interest for research, considering the role of transformational leadership as an explanatory variable. Our second hypothesis is that transformational leadership has a direct and positive effect on happiness at work. In addition, we assess the mediating role of organizational learning capability between the relationship of transformational leadership and happiness at work, so our third hypothesis is: the organizational learning capability has a mediating effect on the relationship between transformational leadership and happiness at work. Using structural equation modeling, we show that results confirm the three hypotheses: happiness at work can be measured thorugh tat new construct, reaching an excellent explanatory power, transformational leadership has a direct and positive effect on happiness at work and organisational learning capability explains better the relationship between transformational leadership and happiness at work than if we only consider the direct relationship between these two variables. Results suggest that organisations should reconsider the role of transformational leadership and organizational learning capability to improve human resource management in public service organizations in the healthcare sector







