Prognostic factors affecting return to work in cancer patients: a systematic review

Abstract

Return-to-work rates among working-age cancer survivors present a complex challenge, varying by cancer type and individual characteristics. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors influencing return to work in cancer survivors. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in December 2024 used keywords based on the Population, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes framework to identify relevant studies. Study quality was evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute tools, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024596102). Twenty studies were selected. Identified factors included sociodemographic: older age, educational level, marital status, and sex; clinical: aggressive treatments, comorbidities, and physical sequelae; psychological: anxiety, stress, fear of relapse, and social support; occupational: flexible work schedules and tasks versus rigid conditions. Multiple factors influence return-to-work outcomes for cancer survivors. Individualised intervention programmes addressing specific patient needs and fostering adapted work environments are essential to promote successful reintegration.