Expresiones de la ritualidad funeraria en la ciudad de Onoba. De las realidades previas a la normalización del rito
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Más allá de las tipologías sepulcrales, es en el campo de la ritualidad
donde es posible apreciar con mayor nitidez la lucha interna
que tuvieron los habitantes de la ciudad ante la tesitura de tener
que elegir entre mantener su rosario de creencias previas, o bien
adaptarse a la normalización del rito que fue imponiéndose como
resultado de la conquista romana. Aun cuando la mayor parte
de la extensión de las necrópolis de esta ciudad nos es aún desconocida,
las evidencias que ya han visto la luz, así como los
estudios que se comienzan a realizar a este respecto, muestran
una realidad funeraria mucho más compleja de lo esperado, llena
de matices que sólo pueden ser entendidos si no olvidamos que
su historia no se inicia con la llegada de Roma.
Es esta realidad fruto de la construcción de una identidad
cultural propia y única, nacida tras los primeros contactos con
el Imperio Romano gracias a la configuración de una realidad
híbrida en la que se tomaron aspectos de la cultura fenicia y
púnica/turdetana previa, y la romana posterior. Tal es así, que esa
nueva construcción funeraria no tuvo ningún reparo en demostrar
su romanidad a nivel visual mediante la adopción de las tipologías
sepulcrales más representativas del Imperio Romano, o en la
organización topográfica de las necrópolis dentro de ese escenario
de representación y juego de poder en el que se convirtieron,
pero que se guardó para sus rituales y creencias, muchas más
íntimas y con las que se era más permisivas, ciertas pervivencias
que entroncaban con ese pasado.
En definitiva, en este artículo se presenta la manera en la
que la sociedad del momento configuró su identidad cultural,
así como su progresiva normalización durante el transcurrir de
los años.
Beyond sepulchral typologies, the field of rituality is where we can more clearly appreciate the internal struggle of the inhabitants of the city, who had to choose between keeping their previous set of beliefs, or adapting to the normalization of the rite imposed by the Roman conquest. Although most of the extension of the necropolis of this city is still unknown, current discoveries and studies suggest a much more complex funerary reality than expected, full of nuances that can only be understood if we do not forget that its history did not begin with the Roman conquest. This reality is the result of the construction of a unique cultural identity, born after the first contacts with the Roman Empire thanks to the configuration of a hybrid reality that included aspects of previous cultures, such as Phoenician and Punic/Turdetans, as well as Roman ones. Proof thereof is the fact that this new funerary construction had no problem showing its Roman nature on a visual level by adopting the most representative sepulchral typologies of the Roman Empire. Also in the topographical organization of the necropolises, which became a scenario of representation and game of power. Certain pervasive elements linked to the past were kept for rituals and beliefs, which were much more intimate and permissive. In conclusion, this article presents the way in which the society of the time shaped its cultural identity, as well as its progressive normalization over the years.
Beyond sepulchral typologies, the field of rituality is where we can more clearly appreciate the internal struggle of the inhabitants of the city, who had to choose between keeping their previous set of beliefs, or adapting to the normalization of the rite imposed by the Roman conquest. Although most of the extension of the necropolis of this city is still unknown, current discoveries and studies suggest a much more complex funerary reality than expected, full of nuances that can only be understood if we do not forget that its history did not begin with the Roman conquest. This reality is the result of the construction of a unique cultural identity, born after the first contacts with the Roman Empire thanks to the configuration of a hybrid reality that included aspects of previous cultures, such as Phoenician and Punic/Turdetans, as well as Roman ones. Proof thereof is the fact that this new funerary construction had no problem showing its Roman nature on a visual level by adopting the most representative sepulchral typologies of the Roman Empire. Also in the topographical organization of the necropolises, which became a scenario of representation and game of power. Certain pervasive elements linked to the past were kept for rituals and beliefs, which were much more intimate and permissive. In conclusion, this article presents the way in which the society of the time shaped its cultural identity, as well as its progressive normalization over the years.
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Fernández Sutilo, L. (2023). Expresiones rituales en la ciudad de Onoba. De las realidades previas a la normalización del rito. In Lucentum (Issue 42, pp. 135-150). Universidad de Alicante Servicio de Publicaciones. https://doi.org/10.14198/lvcentvm.22511







