Mecanismos cognitivos de la toma de decisiones en mujeres mayores
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Abstract
La hipótesis del marcador somático de Damasio se centra en la influencia que los estados
emocionales pueden ejercer sobre los procesos de toma de decisiones. Desde esta teoría se
viene utilizando como instrumento de evaluación la denominada Iowa Gambling Task
(IGT). El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer si en el deterioro cognitivo asociado a la edad
(GDS 2) se observan alteraciones en la toma de decisiones. El análisis de los datos se
realiza desde dos perspectivas: cuantitativa, mediante el cómputo de elecciones ventajosas
frente a desventajosas; y cualitativa, según los parámetros del modelo Prospect Valence
Learning (PVL). Se analizaron dos grupos: uno formado por mujeres mayores con
deterioro cognitivo, y otro, sin deterioro. Los resultados evidencian, respecto al análisis
cuantitativo, diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en el sentido de que las mujeres
con deterioro cognitivo presentan menos elecciones ventajosas que las mujeres sin
deterioro; sin embargo, desde un punto de vista cualitativo, los resultados ponen de
manifiesto que no existen diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en ninguno de los
cuatro parámetros del PVL, es decir, que las ejecuciones de las mujeres con y sin deterioro
cognitivo son similares. Como conclusión, se puede afirmar que los procesos de toma de
decisiones en mujeres con y sin deterioro cognitivo son cuantitativamente diferentes, pero
cualitativamente similares.
The Damasio's somatic marker hypothesis focuses on the possible influence of the emotional states on the decision making processes. An assessment tool derived form this theory is the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The aim of this study was to detect decision-making alterations in relation to the cognitive impairment associated to age (GDS 2). The data analysis was conducted from two perspectives: quantitative, by computing the advantageous versus disadvantageous choices; and qualitative, according to the PVL model parameters. Two groups were analyzed: one consisting of elderly women with cognitive impairment, and another, with no impairment. Regarding the quantitative analysis, the results show significant differences between both groups, indicating that women with cognitive impairment have less advantageous choices than women without impairment; however, from a qualitative point of view, the results show no significant differences between groups in any of the four parameters of the PVL, indicating that execution of women with and without cognitive impairment are similar. In conclusion, it can be argued that the decision-making processes in women with and without cognitive impairment are quantitatively different but qualitatively similar.
The Damasio's somatic marker hypothesis focuses on the possible influence of the emotional states on the decision making processes. An assessment tool derived form this theory is the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The aim of this study was to detect decision-making alterations in relation to the cognitive impairment associated to age (GDS 2). The data analysis was conducted from two perspectives: quantitative, by computing the advantageous versus disadvantageous choices; and qualitative, according to the PVL model parameters. Two groups were analyzed: one consisting of elderly women with cognitive impairment, and another, with no impairment. Regarding the quantitative analysis, the results show significant differences between both groups, indicating that women with cognitive impairment have less advantageous choices than women without impairment; however, from a qualitative point of view, the results show no significant differences between groups in any of the four parameters of the PVL, indicating that execution of women with and without cognitive impairment are similar. In conclusion, it can be argued that the decision-making processes in women with and without cognitive impairment are quantitatively different but qualitatively similar.
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Bibliographic citation
Alameda Bailén, J. R., Salguero Alcañiz, M. P., Merchán Clavellino, A. (2015). Mecanismos cognitivos de la toma de decisiones en mujeres mayores. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education , Vol. 5, Nº 1 (Págs. 133-143). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1989/ejihpe.v1i1.97














