Utilización de fotoperiodo e implantes de melatonina para el control de la reproducción en caprinos mediterráneos
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Abstract
El fotoperiodo es el principal factor medioambiental que controla la
actividad reproductiva en caprino y es interpretado por el animal por
la variación en la secreción de melatonina. La especie caprina
presenta variaciones en su actividad reproductiva a lo largo del año
en relación con el fotoperiodo, de manera que los días cortos
estimulan su actividad reproductiva y los días largos la inhiben. El
hecho de que su actividad reproductiva sea estacional, conlleva
importantes variaciones en sus producciones a lo largo del año. De
este modo, las técnicas de control de la reproducción caprina
permiten una mejor distribución de sus producciones, leche y carne,
a lo largo del año. Los tratamientos fotoperiódicos, se basan en la
alternancia entre los días largos y cortos. En primer lugar los
animales son sometidos a días largos, para que estén preparados
para responder al efecto estimulatorio de los días cortos. Estos
tratamientos fotoperiódicos inducen actividad reproductiva tanto en
machos como en hembras, al igual que los tratamientos hormonales.
Respecto a la melatonina, la autorización comercial en España de
implantes de melatonina para mejorar los resultados reproductivos en
la especie caprina se produjo en el año 2009. Estos implantes
provocan un incremento de las concentraciones en sangre de esta
hormona que hace que el animal interprete que se encuentra en días
cortos y por tanto estimula su actividad reproductiva. El protocolo de
utilización, recomendado habitualmente, incluye la colocación los implantes tanto en las hembras como en los machos entorno al
equinoccio de primavera, previa separación de ambos sexos durante
al menos 45 días. Este tratamiento permite incrementar, con respecto
a las hembras no tratadas, la fertilidad y en consecuencia la
producción de chivos y, en consecuencia, el número de cabras que
van a producir leche.
The photoperiod is the main environmental factor that controls reproductive activity in goats, and their information is transduced by the melatonin secretion. Goats show a seasonal pattern in reproductive activity related to the annual variations of photoperiod. Short days stimulate the reproductive activity and long days inhibit it. The fact that their sexual activity is seasonal affects the distribution of their production over the year and this is a problem both in dairy and meat production systems which attempt to have a constant production year-round. Techniques used to control reproduction in goats allow greater distribution of milk and meat production throughout the year. In this way, photoperiod treatments are based on alternation of long and short days. First, the animals are subjected to long days in order to prepare them to respond to the stimulatory effects of subsequently administered short days. These photoperiodic treatments can induce sexual activity in males and females similarly to hormonal treatment in females. The commercial use of melatonin implants in Spain for goats was approved on 2009. The melatonin implants induces an increase on the plasma melatonin concentrations as a short day and stimulates reproductive activity. The procedure of application includes the insertion of the melatonin implants on the females and males during the seasonal anoestrous and isolation of the both sexes during 45 days. This allows increasing the reproductive performances as fertility and in consequence the number of milking goats.
The photoperiod is the main environmental factor that controls reproductive activity in goats, and their information is transduced by the melatonin secretion. Goats show a seasonal pattern in reproductive activity related to the annual variations of photoperiod. Short days stimulate the reproductive activity and long days inhibit it. The fact that their sexual activity is seasonal affects the distribution of their production over the year and this is a problem both in dairy and meat production systems which attempt to have a constant production year-round. Techniques used to control reproduction in goats allow greater distribution of milk and meat production throughout the year. In this way, photoperiod treatments are based on alternation of long and short days. First, the animals are subjected to long days in order to prepare them to respond to the stimulatory effects of subsequently administered short days. These photoperiodic treatments can induce sexual activity in males and females similarly to hormonal treatment in females. The commercial use of melatonin implants in Spain for goats was approved on 2009. The melatonin implants induces an increase on the plasma melatonin concentrations as a short day and stimulates reproductive activity. The procedure of application includes the insertion of the melatonin implants on the females and males during the seasonal anoestrous and isolation of the both sexes during 45 days. This allows increasing the reproductive performances as fertility and in consequence the number of milking goats.
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Bibliographic citation
Gatica Jorquera, M.C., Celi Mariátegui, I.R., Guzmán Guerrero, J.L., Zarazaga Garcés, L.A.: "Utilización de fotoperiodo e implantes de melatonina para el control de la reproducción en caprinos mediterráneos". REDVE : Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria. Vol. 23, n. 10 (2013). ISSN 1695-7504














