Percepción de los usuarios para la mejora del uso de las Redes Sociales como canal de comunicación en el sector hotelero
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Abstract
Internet y las Redes Sociales son herramientas que generan grandes
oportunidades para las empresas. Una nueva manera de ver las
comunicaciones y el comercio en los sectores empresariales, tanto por el
número de usuarios que se encuentran en estas herramientas como por la
nueva manera de publicitar y vender los productos que ofrecen.
Aunque estas herramientas han crecido tanto que incluso han
provocado que la presencia en Internet y Redes Sociales se haya convertido
en obligatoria para ser competitivos en algunos sectores. Esto sucede en el
sector hotelero, donde estas herramientas han pasado a ser la principal
fuente de información de los turistas que buscan hoteles para sus estancias e
intentan conocer opiniones de otros clientes.
En este estudio queremos centrarnos en las Redes Sociales en este
sector, ya que tras un chequeo por las Redes Sociales del sector hotelero y una exhaustiva revisión literaria sobre éstas, podemos observar la
preocupación de los hoteles por la presencia y el uso de estas herramientas.
Así, enfocaremos este estudio al uso de las Redes Sociales como
medio de comunicación, y más concretamente a los factores motivacionales
de los usuarios de las Redes Sociales que influyen en la aceptación de estas
Redes Sociales online como medio de comunicación entre los hoteles y
estos usuarios, intentando de esta manera que los hoteles consigan captar un
mayor número de usuarios en sus Redes Sociales online y añadir un nuevo
canal de comunicación con sus clientes, logrando una mayor satisfacción de
sus clientes y una mayor presencia en Internet, lo que le podría reportar un
mayor número de clientes.
A través de una revisión literaria por estudios previos, expondremos
un listado de los factores motivacionales más influyentes a la hora de que
los usuarios de las Redes Sociales online generalizadas utilicen éstas para
seguir y comunicarse con los hoteles, y se desarrollará un mapa causal del
sistema con los mismos, en el que usuarios de estas Redes Sociales
analizarán los factores motivacionales más influyentes a la hora de mejorar
dicho uso.
Los factores motivacionales expuestos en dicho listado y que serán
analizados a lo largo del estudio son: la gestión de calidad (GC), la
disposición de información (DI), los condicionantes externos (CE), la
confianza (C), la compatibilidad percibida (CP), la utilidad percibida (UP),
la actitud (A) y la intención (I).
La metodología utilizada será la captación de datos e información a
través de entrevista y encuesta a los entrevistados y el uso de los Mapas
Cognitivos Difusos (MCD) como técnica empleada en el análisis de datos,
técnica que facilita el desarrollo de los mapas causales.
Se entrevistan a 41 personas, usuarios de Redes Sociales online
generalizadas en su totalidad, y los resultados reflejan que todos los factores
motivacionales propuestos influyen positivamente a la hora de que los usuarios de las Redes Sociales online generalizadas utilicen éstas como
medio de comunicación con los hoteles, no se piensa que existan más
factores motivacionales que ejerzan influencias en dicho uso, a parte de los
propuestos, y existen influencias positivas entre todos los factores del
sistema.
Además, los resultados demuestran que los tres factores más
importantes en la regulación de la dinámica del sistema son disposición de
información (DI), actitud (A) y utilidad percibida (UP), y que las estrategias
de los hoteles en las Redes Sociales para conseguir dicho objetivo deben
plantearse distribuyendo el esfuerzo en cada uno de los factores según el
grado de influencia en el resto, centrando sus mayores esfuerzos en los
factores que mayor influencia ejercen en el resto.
Así, los esfuerzos en estas estrategias deberán ir repartiéndose por
los factores motivacionales en el siguiente orden de preferencia: utilidad
percibida (UP), gestión de calidad (GC), disposición de información (DI),
condicionantes externos (CE), confianza (C), compatibilidad percibida (CP),
actitud (A) e intención (I).
The Internet and online Social Networks are tools that generate great opportunities for companies. A new way of seeing communications and commerce in business sectors, both by the number of users found in these tools and by the new way to advertise and sell the products they offer. Although these tools have grown so much that they have even caused that the presence in Internet and online Social Networks has become obligatory to be competitive in some sectors. This happens in the hotel sector, where these tools have become the main source of information for tourists who are looking for hotels for their stays and try to get opinions from other customers. In this study we want to focus on online Social Networks in this sector, since after a check by the Social Media of the hotel sector and an exhaustive literary review about these ones, we can observe the concern of the hotels about the presence and use of these tools. Thus, we focus this study on the use of online Social Networks as a means of communication, and more specifically on the motivational factors of users of online Social Networks that influence on the acceptance of these online Social Networks as a means of communication between hotels and these users. Trying in this way that the hotels manage to capture a greater number of users in their online Social Networks and add a new channel of communication with their clients, achieving a greater satisfaction of their clients and a greater presence in Internet, which could report a greater number of customers. Through a literary review by previous studies, we will present a list of the most influential motivational factors when users of generalized online Social Networks use these ones to follow and communicate with the hotels, and we will be developed a causal map of the system with them, in which users of these Social Networks will analyze the most influential motivational factors when it comes to improving such use. The motivational factors exposed in this list and that will be analyzed throughout the study are: quality management (GC), available information (DI), external conditioning (CE), trust (C), perceived compatibility (CP), perceived usefulness (UP), attitude (A) and intention (I). The methodology used will be the collection of data and information through interview and survey of the interviewees and the use of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) as a technique used in data analysis, a technique that facilitates the development of causal maps. We interview 41 persons, generalized online Social Network users, and the results reflect that all the proposed motivational factors influence positively when users of generalized online Social Networks use these ones as a means of communication with hotels. It is not thought that there are more motivational factors exerting influences on such use, apart from those proposed, and there are positive influences among all the factors of the system. 17 In addition, the results show that the three most important factors in the regulation of system dynamics are available information (DI), attitude (A) and perceived usefulness (UP), and that the strategies of hotels in online Social Networks for to achieve this objective should be considered by distributing the effort in each one of the factors according to the extent of influence in the rest, focusing their greater efforts on the factors that influence greater on the rest. Thus, efforts in these strategies should be divided by motivational factors in the following order of preference: perceived usefulness (UP), quality management (GC), available information (DI), external conditioning (CE), trust (C), perceived compatibility (CP), attitude (A) and intention (I).
The Internet and online Social Networks are tools that generate great opportunities for companies. A new way of seeing communications and commerce in business sectors, both by the number of users found in these tools and by the new way to advertise and sell the products they offer. Although these tools have grown so much that they have even caused that the presence in Internet and online Social Networks has become obligatory to be competitive in some sectors. This happens in the hotel sector, where these tools have become the main source of information for tourists who are looking for hotels for their stays and try to get opinions from other customers. In this study we want to focus on online Social Networks in this sector, since after a check by the Social Media of the hotel sector and an exhaustive literary review about these ones, we can observe the concern of the hotels about the presence and use of these tools. Thus, we focus this study on the use of online Social Networks as a means of communication, and more specifically on the motivational factors of users of online Social Networks that influence on the acceptance of these online Social Networks as a means of communication between hotels and these users. Trying in this way that the hotels manage to capture a greater number of users in their online Social Networks and add a new channel of communication with their clients, achieving a greater satisfaction of their clients and a greater presence in Internet, which could report a greater number of customers. Through a literary review by previous studies, we will present a list of the most influential motivational factors when users of generalized online Social Networks use these ones to follow and communicate with the hotels, and we will be developed a causal map of the system with them, in which users of these Social Networks will analyze the most influential motivational factors when it comes to improving such use. The motivational factors exposed in this list and that will be analyzed throughout the study are: quality management (GC), available information (DI), external conditioning (CE), trust (C), perceived compatibility (CP), perceived usefulness (UP), attitude (A) and intention (I). The methodology used will be the collection of data and information through interview and survey of the interviewees and the use of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) as a technique used in data analysis, a technique that facilitates the development of causal maps. We interview 41 persons, generalized online Social Network users, and the results reflect that all the proposed motivational factors influence positively when users of generalized online Social Networks use these ones as a means of communication with hotels. It is not thought that there are more motivational factors exerting influences on such use, apart from those proposed, and there are positive influences among all the factors of the system. 17 In addition, the results show that the three most important factors in the regulation of system dynamics are available information (DI), attitude (A) and perceived usefulness (UP), and that the strategies of hotels in online Social Networks for to achieve this objective should be considered by distributing the effort in each one of the factors according to the extent of influence in the rest, focusing their greater efforts on the factors that influence greater on the rest. Thus, efforts in these strategies should be divided by motivational factors in the following order of preference: perceived usefulness (UP), quality management (GC), available information (DI), external conditioning (CE), trust (C), perceived compatibility (CP), attitude (A) and intention (I).














