Estado madurativo en deporte y educación: revisión narrativa
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Abstract
La maduración biológica genera diferencias significativas entre jóvenes de la misma edad cronológica. Estas
disparidades afectan a su rendimiento deportivo, aumentando el riesgo de lesión ante nuevas oportunidades competitivas, siendo un factor crucial en el diseño
de programas de entrenamiento y estrategias educativas. Los jóvenes con maduración temprana suelen destacar en capacidades físicas como fuerza y velocidad, lo
que les da ventaja en deportes competitivos. Por otro
lado, los de maduración tardía enfrentan mayores desafíos para acceder a niveles superiores, a pesar de su
potencial a largo plazo. Este sesgo fomenta desigualdades que pueden desmotivar a los deportistas jóvenes.
Para abordar estas diferencias, se emplean diferentes
métodos para determinar la maduración biológica de
los jóvenes, entre los más usados en la actualidad se encuentran los métodos no invasivos a través de diferentes
ecuaciones predictivas del pico de velocidad de crecimiento (PHV) o de la estatura adulta esperada (PAH). Estos métodos son usados en estrategias como la Banda
Biológica, que agrupa a jóvenes según su maduración y
han mostrado eficacia para equilibrar la competencia y
mejorar el desarrollo técnico, físico y psicológico. En el
ámbito educativo, las investigaciones sobre maduración
se han enfocado más en la edad relativa que en la maduración biológica, dejando un vacío sobre su impacto
en el rendimiento académico. Incorporar este enfoque
podría mejorar el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes.
En síntesis, considerar la maduración biológica en entornos deportivos y educativos es esencial para mitigar
desigualdades y potenciar el talento individual, aunque
aún son necesarios más estudios y herramientas para su
aplicación efectiva
Biological maturation generates significant differences among young people of the same chronological age. These disparities affect their sports performance, increasing the risk of injury when facing new competitive opportunities and becoming a crucial factor in the design of training programs and educational strategies. Young individuals with early maturation often excel in physical abilities such as strength and speed, giving them an advantage in competitive sports. On the other hand, those with late maturation face greater challenges in accessing higher levels despite their long-term potential. These bias fosters inequalities that can demotivate young athletes. To address these differences, various methods are used to determine the biological maturation of young people. Among the most commonly used today are non-invasive methods through different predictive equations of peak height velocity (PHV) or predicted adult height (PAH). These methods are employed in strategies like bio-banding, which groups young people according to their maturation and have shown effectiveness in balancing competition and improving technical, physical, and psychological development. In the educational field, research on maturation has focused more on relative age than on biological maturation, leaving a gap regarding its impact on academic performance. Incorporating this approach could enhance the overall development of students. In summary, considering biological maturation in sports and educational environments is essential to mitigate inequalities and enhance individual talent, although more studies and tools are still needed for its effective application
Biological maturation generates significant differences among young people of the same chronological age. These disparities affect their sports performance, increasing the risk of injury when facing new competitive opportunities and becoming a crucial factor in the design of training programs and educational strategies. Young individuals with early maturation often excel in physical abilities such as strength and speed, giving them an advantage in competitive sports. On the other hand, those with late maturation face greater challenges in accessing higher levels despite their long-term potential. These bias fosters inequalities that can demotivate young athletes. To address these differences, various methods are used to determine the biological maturation of young people. Among the most commonly used today are non-invasive methods through different predictive equations of peak height velocity (PHV) or predicted adult height (PAH). These methods are employed in strategies like bio-banding, which groups young people according to their maturation and have shown effectiveness in balancing competition and improving technical, physical, and psychological development. In the educational field, research on maturation has focused more on relative age than on biological maturation, leaving a gap regarding its impact on academic performance. Incorporating this approach could enhance the overall development of students. In summary, considering biological maturation in sports and educational environments is essential to mitigate inequalities and enhance individual talent, although more studies and tools are still needed for its effective application












